Test 2 - Acid Base

Question 1

logarithm

Answer 1

compares a ratio instead of an absolute number. Order of magnitude instead of a linear scale

Question 2

pH

Answer 2

logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter

Question 3

pH

Answer 3

“pH= -log [H+]

Question 4

pH literall means

Answer 4

potential hydrogen

Question 5

example, 7.4 to 7.1 is a change of

Answer 5

40-80x

Question 6

Henderson equation

Answer 6

quantifies relationship between H+, HCO3- and PCO2

Question 7

Sorensen 1909

Answer 7

introduces log scale as a way of quantifying H+

Question 8

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer 8

pH=pKa + log(HCO3/CO2)

Question 9

Ka and Pka

Answer 9

a= acid, Ka is the value used to describe the tendency of compounds or ions to dissociate. The Ka value is also called the dissociation constant, the ionization constant, and the acid constant.

Question 10

pKa =

Answer 10

-log10(Ka)

Question 11

higher the ka

Answer 11

stronger the acid.

Question 12

acid comes from the latin term

Answer 12

acere, which means sour

Question 13

acid litmus paper

Answer 13

red

Question 14

characteristics of bases

Answer 14

slippery, litmus blue,

Question 15

arrhenius def of acid

Answer 15

releases H+ into solution

Question 16

bronsted lowry

Answer 16

donating H+ ions

Question 17

Lewis definition of acid

Answer 17

accept pair of electrons from a base

Question 18

respiratory acidosis

Answer 18

PCO2 > 45

Question 19

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 19

HCO3 <22

Question 20

Acidemia in blood

Answer 20

pH < 7.35

Question 21

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 21

PCO2 < 35

Question 22

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

HCO3 >26

Question 23

alkalemia

Answer 23

ph > 7.45 in blood

Question 24

anion gap

Answer 24

Difference between sum of major anions and cations

Question 25

anion gap equation

Answer 25

(na + k) - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 26

normal PaO2

Answer 26

75-100mmgh

Question 27

Partial pressure of CO2

Answer 27

35-45mmhg

Question 28

bicarbonate levels

Answer 28

22-26mEq/L

Question 29

Acidity of GI

Answer 29

stomach 1-3, D 6-6.5, J & I 7-8, large int 5-5.7 urine 4.4-8

Question 30

3 buffers of pH in the body

Answer 30

Body Buffers, Respiratory Control, Renal control

Question 31

Examples of protein body buffers

Answer 31

intracellular proteins (Hb) are the most effective, extra cellular proteins. Both can accept or donate H+

Question 32

Phosphate body buffers

Answer 32

intracellular buffer. Also a urinary buffer.

Question 33

carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer

Answer 33

H+ + HCO3- H2CO3 H20 + CO2

Question 34

Renal vs respiratory compensation

Answer 34

renal works much slower

Question 35

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 35

MH, adrenal excess, thyroid storm

Question 36

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 36

anion gap(acid gain), non-anion gap(bicarb loss)

Question 37

Acid gain

Answer 37

lactic acid, keto-acidosis (D type 1, starvation, alcohol associated). Toxic ingestions (methanol, asprin..)

Question 38

Increase in lactic acid production

Answer 38

shock, seizures, exercise.

Question 39

Ketoacidosis in Type 1 DM

Answer 39

ketones form when blood levels of insulin is zero

Question 40

methanol can cause

Answer 40

blindness

Question 41

ethylene glycol can cause

Answer 41

renal failure

Question 42

tx of toxic methanol/ethylene

Answer 42

block alcohol dehydrogenase with fomepizole or ethanol

Question 43

tx of acid gain

Answer 43

charcoal decontamination

Question 44

how much asprin will kill you

Answer 44

10 to 30g

Question 45

causes of bicarbinate loss

Answer 45

diarrhea and other intestinal losses, type 2 renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ureteral diversion, chronic kidney disease

Question 46

Toulene found in

Answer 46

gasoline, glue, paint, adhesives

Question 47

effects of toluene

Answer 47

causes anion gap (hippuric acid). Causes hypovolemia and hypokalemia

Question 48

renal tubular acidosis

Answer 48

inability to reabsorb bicarb & excrete H+, net retention of HCl, net loss of bicarb

Question 49

Alkalosis

Answer 49

inability to remove bicarbonate

Question 50

azolamide

Answer 50

reduces bicarb

Question 51

rhabdomyolysis

Answer 51

CK released from muscles rises. pH treatment in ureter (5.5) to prevent blockage

Question 52

Why is the pH of blood 7.35-7.45?

Answer 52

hb is oxygen avid at that range.