test 2 abnormal Flashcards
under the law a mental disorder is a condition that is all of the following except
a) internal
b) volitional
c) involuntary
d) stabe
B
given a legal defination of mental disorder, would not normally be considered a mental disorder
a) schizophrenia
b) major depressive disorder
c) marijuana intoxication
C
In canada, the issu of involunatry hospitalization is a matter of?
Civil mental health law
the decision as to whether a person is not criminally responsibly on account of mental disorder is one aspect of
Criminal law
the ancient common law principle parents is recongnized in all provinces EXCEPT?
Quebec
ken is a welder who lives in toronto. he was diagnosed as being mentally ill, which specific criteria must be examined to determine whether he should be involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital?
whether or not his mental disorder will result in serious bodily harm to another person.
civil commitment can only occur under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT?
A person is deemed in need of hospitalization by a family member
perople who are civilly committed to a psychiatric hospital?
lose their rights just as those convicted of criminal offences do.
the capable wishes prociple holds that
a pateints personal wishes reharding treatment should be giben the greatest weight in the decision- making process
comparisons of voluntary and involuntary admissions have found that the primary diagnosis for most voluntary patients to be
mood disorder
The most frequent age of onset for schizophrenia is?
late adolescence or early adulthood
schizophrenia is a disorder that affects of a persons life?
chronic, every aspect
the facial experssion of a person with schizophrenia would often?
lack expressiveness
delusion,hallucinations,illogical thnking, incoherent speech, and bizarrebehavior are all characteristic of the ohase of schiziphrenia
acute
the phase of schizophrenia marked by a slow, steady deterioration and gradual decine in function before clear-cut psychotic behaviors emerge is called the phases
prodromal
when a person with schizophrenia returns to the level of functioning that was charateristic prior to their first psychotic episode, they are said to be in an phase?
residual
the typical of phases through which schizophrenia progresses is
prodormal, acute , residual
after the onset of schizophrenic episode, a full return to normal behavior
is uncommon, but does occur
about percent of americans warrant a diagnosis of schizophreia at some point in their lives
1
in men the most common age of onset for schiophrenia is between
18 and 25
in women, the most common age of onset for schizophrenia is between
25-35
compared to women, men have a risk of developing schizophrenia
slightly higher
symptoms of schizophrenia represent the more flagrant symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusion, bizzare beavior, and thought disorder
positive
social withdreawal, poverty of speech and thought, flattened affect, and psychomotor retardation are?
negative
the dignosis of schizophrenia requires that sings of the disorder are present continuously for at least months?
6
the diagnosis for schizophrenia requires that active phase symptoms such as hallucinatuons, delusions, and disorganized or cataonic behavior must be present a significant amount of the time for at least.
3 months
false beliefs that remain fixed in a person mind despite evidence to the contrary are
delusions
the breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thought is called a
thought disorder.
studies of deficiencies in event-related potentials suggest that schizophrenic individulas would have difficulty in
filtering out irrelevant stimuli
sensory images, perceptions, or disturbances that occur in the absence of external stimuli are called?
hallucinations.
the most common types of hallucinations are
auditory
drug induced hallucinations tend to be
visual
hallucinations seem to be realted to abnormalities in the production of in the brain
dopamine
emotional response in schizophrenic indiciduals is tyypified by affect
flat
people wth schizophrenia who show unusual mannerisms or grimacing or maintain bizarre strenuous postures for hours have a subtype of schizophrenia know as
cataonic
the subtype of schizophrenia characterized by hallucinations and systematized delusions that commonly involve themes of persecution is called
paranoid
the causes of schizophrenia are generally believed to be
biologically, psychological, social, and envirommental in nature
according to the text, the most prominent finding of pathology in the brains of schizophrenics is
a loss of the brain tissue
most people with schizphrenia is organized mental health settings are treated with
antupsychotic medication.
which oerson is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
18- year old female just out of college
abnormally low weight and an intense fear of gaining weight is
anorexia nervosa
binge eathing followed by self induced purgung is
bulimina nervosa
eating disprders are often accompained by the following disorders EXCEPT
schizophernia
there are major types of eating disorders?
2
fear of gaining weight and sitorted self image are characterstic of
anorexia nervosa
anorexia nervosa develops most commonly between the ages of?
12 and 18
not a criteria for anorexia nervossa in the DSM?
extreme loss of appetite
how much % do anorexial people losse of their original weight?
35%
what is not a medical complication from anorexia nervosa?
high blood pressure
amenorrhea refers to the which is a symptim of anorexia
absence or supperssion of menstruation
Impaired vision
is the only thing that is not a result from bulimia nervosa
Someone who is always getting sick and abuses laxatives is puting themself at risk for?
sudden death
what is the most important factor in the debelopment of a eating disorder?
social pressures and expectancies placed on young women to base their self- worth on their appearence
The BMI takes what?
weight and height
whats one thing that is not true about bulimia?
they never diated prior to the onset of bulimia
prozac and zoloft apear to episodes in patients with bulimia nervosa
decrease binge -eating
what is the more supported therapy for bulimia nervosa?
cognitive behavioral
when cognitive behaviral does not work what else do they use for bulimia ?
interpersonal
women with eating disorder more likely than other women to have experiences ?
childhood sexual or physical abuse.
excessively rigid patterns of nehavior or ways of realting to others. which ultimately becime self defeating because of their rigidity, are called
personality
the traits involved in personality disorders usually become evident in
childhood
each of the fillwoing is true of people with personality disorder EXCEPT
they do not generally perceive a need to chnage their nehaviors
the DMS lists personality disorders on axis
2
the DMS list individual persnality disorders
ten
people who hold grudges, have few friends , suspect their spouses of indidelity are what?
antisocial personality disorder
to recceive a diagnosiso of antisocial personality disorder a person must be at least
12 years of age
children under the age of 18 who exhibit antisocial behavior patterns may be suffering from
attention deficit
about of prison inmates could be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder
50%
gambling, drug abuse, engaging in unsafe sexual activity is what
a- historionic
b- narcissistic
c- borderline
c
which of the following emotions is most characteristic of a person diagnosed with borderline personality disorder ? a- shallow b- angry c- callous d- jovial
a
someone who is always center of attention she is highly dramtic, overmotional. spoiled, is what personality disorder? a-histrionic b-dependent c- narcissitic d-antisocial
a
someone who works all the time. does not care about the money or the job well done just cares about the attention and adulation they are personality a- antisocial b-histrionic c- narcissistic d-borderline
c
a psychological disorder characterized by failure to control impulses tempation, or drives resulting in harm to onself or others are disorder a- personality b-impulses control c- affective d-adjustment
b
someone who is always making sure everything is the way they like it, they are what personality disorder a- schizotypal b-avoidant c-obsessive compulsive d- histrionic
c
The two substances that have caused the most death through sickness and accident are_______
alcohol and tobacco
According to the DSM-IV,________ disorders refer to patterns of maladaptive behavior involving the use of psychoactive substances
substance use
Tracy has been using “crack” for two years. Her whole life is now oriented around trying to get more “crack” to feed her habit. She has even prostituted herself to get “crack” money. Although she has tried repeatdly to give it up, the “crash” is so intense and her cravings for the “rush” that “crack” gives her are so strong she just cant quit. Tracy’s drug use is best described as substance
dependence
Gina has been using heroin for two years. Lately, she has found she must inject higher and higher dosages of the drug to get the same “high” she has come to except from her drug use. Her need for higher dosages is best described as
tolerance
Terrifying hallucinations of_________ frequentlyare present during deliruim tremens.
creepy, crawly animals
Each of the following is known to produce a withdrawl syndrome EXCEPT
a) cocaine
b) alcohol
c) LSD
d) nicotine
LSD
Sophie has used heroin to the point that she has developed a tolerance to it and experiences withdrawl symptoms when she tries to quit using it. She has become_______heroin
physiologically depndent on
________involves imparied control over the use of a drug without the physiological signs of dependence
psychological dependence
Which behavior is NOT typical of the routine use stage of drug dependence
a) lying
b) denial
c) recognition of the need for treatment
d) loss of attention to important matters in life
recognition of the need for treatment
Alcohol is classified as a(n)
depressent
Each of the following is true of alcohol effects on women EXCEPT
a) women have more of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach than men do
b) alcohol may hit woment harder because they weigh less than men
c) alcohol seems to go to woments heas more rapidly than mens
d) women may be less to develop alcoholism because of tighter cultural restraints placed on them than on men
women have more of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach than men do
The BEST prdictor of alcoholism or problem drinking in adulthood is
family history of alcpohol abuse
Alcohol is mmost similar in its biochemical effects to
benzodiazepines
______ is characterized by glaring confusion, disorientation, and memory loss for recent events
Korsaoff’s syndrome
A childhood disorder characterized by facial features such as a flattened nose, widely spaced eyes, an underdeveloped upper jaw, mental retardation, and social skilld deficits is___________-
fetal alcohol syndrome
Barbituates________ create psychological dependence and_____create physiological dependence
rapidly, quickly
Which of the following is NOT true of barbituates
a) they have few side effrects when used in the long-term treatment of insomnia
b) they rapidly create psychological and physiological dependence
c) They are relaxing and can produce a mild state of euphoria
d) abrupt withdrawal from barbituates after tolerance has developed can produce fatal seizures
They have few side effects when used in the long-term treatment of insomnia
Which of the following is NOT an opioid?
a) codeine
b) phencyclidine
c) morphine
d) heroin
phencylidine
Opioids are classified as______
narcotics
Heroin is usually________
injected
The most potent form of amphetamine is_______
liquid methamphetamine
___________, a designer drug that is chemically similar to amphetamines, became a popular illicit drug during the 1990’s at clubs and “raves”
Ecstasy
Cocaine is a(n)
stimulant
A method which intensifies the rush of cocaine by heating it with ether and then smoking it is called_______
freebasing
The stimulant in tobacco smoke which gives cigarettes their “kick” is
nicotine
Drugs that produce sensory distortions or hallucinations as their primary psychoactive effect are called_______
Hallucinogens
Which of the following is not a hallucinogenic drug?
cocaine
Flashbacks can occur days, weeks, or even years after taking_______-
LSD
Anxious people may be drawn to all of the following types of drugs EXCEPT
a) alcohol
b) cocaine
c) marijuana
d) sedatives
cocaine
Approximately____of all drug abusers relapse within a year of detoxification
50 percent
To alchoholics anonymus, alchoholics who have quit drinking are always seen as_______
recovering
alcoholics anonymous follows a________-step approach for treating alcohol abuse
12
Terri goes to a therapist for treatment of her substance abuse problem. Her therapist immediately besings teaching her new skills and self-control strategies, focusing on new ways of behaving rather than on possible underlying mechanisms which may have led her to use drugs. Her therapist is most likely a _______ therapist
Behavioral
Marta goes to a therapist fir treatment of her drinking problem. Her therapist teaches her to be more assertive in dealing with her “drinking buddies” who are always pressuring her to drink until she cant stand up. This technique is called
social skills training
Sarah goes to her therapist for treatment of her drinking problem. Her therapist teaches her methods to stop the drinking, which work quite effectively. Then, her therapist teaches her a series of techniques and skills designed to help prevent her from drinking again and to help her cope with high-risk situations and temptations she is sure to encounter. This approach is called_______
relapse prevention training
The most commonly diagnosed psyhological problem(s) in children age 6 to 17
are learning disabilities
Critics contend that we are overusing psychiatric drugs on children, particularly______
ritalin
Walter is a 13-year-old boy who tortures animals, picks fights with smaller boys, unerachieves in school, and talks about commiting suicide. His behavior problems suggest that he may have been_________
physically abused or neglected
Marcy is six years old. she dreads going to first grade because she worries all day that her parents are going to die while she is at school. she often worries so much that she develops nausea. At home, she clings to her parents, following them everywhere. she is deeply concerned about death and dying and wants her mommy to stay with her when she goes to sleep. She is suffering from__________disorder
seperation anxiety
suicide is_________ among younger children and younger adolescents
rare
which of the following is NOT one of the three diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV which must be met for a person to be labeled mentally retarded
The person must be carecorized as a level 7 or level 8 one the general deterioration scale
the drugs of choice in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are_______
stimulants
The most common treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is______
pharmacological
A disorder which is unique to childhood is_____–
seperation anxiety disorder
about____percent of the general population is affected by mental retardation
1
Most children with mental reatardation fall in the_____range
mild
One in_______children suffers from a mental disorder severe enough to impair personal development
ten
Alex is nine years old. He has a poor self-image and is often involved in disruptive behavior at homoe or in school. Typically his behavior involves not following rules or doing what he is told. Interestingly, he almost never engages in behavior that hurts others or violates their rights. He just seems to have a difficult time accepting authority and developing positive relationships with those around him. He is suffersing from_____disorder.
conduct
Each of the following is a subtype of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder EXCEPT
a) predominatly inattentive type
b) a perdominantly impulsive type
c) a type that is neither predominantly inattentive nor impulsive
d) a type that is both inattentive and impulsive
a type that is neither predominantly inattentive nor impulsive
Each of the following is involved in the development of conduct disorder in children EXCEPT
a) negative, coercive family interactions
b) the use of harsh and inconsistent discipline for mis behavior
c) high rates of antisocial personality and substance abuse among parents
d) hypervigilance and over monitoring of childrens behavior by parents
hypervigilance and over monditoring of childrens behavior by parents
Young people in____are at greatest risk for commiting suicide
late adolescence
The majority of children with mental disorders_____
fail to obtain the treatment that they need
Children with________are literally incapable of contrilling their behavior and children with_______purposefully violate social norms and the rights of other
ADHD, conduct disorder
Stimulants used in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have been shown to do each of the following EXCEPT_____
a) increase academic achivement
b) decrease disruptive behavior
c) decrease impulsivity
d) sensorimotor disorder
increase academic achivement
A behavior disorder characherized by excessive motor activity and inability to focus one’s attention is known as________
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Which childhood behavior problem is least likely to result in treatment
depression
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is usually first diagnosed in
elementary school
To be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the disorder must persist for atleast_____months
6
Todd is six years old. His behavior is characterized by inattention, bullying, temper tantrums, stubborness, and fidgetting. He is easilt distracted, fails to finish anything he starts, often acts impulsicely, and requires constant supervision. He is constantly on the go, running and climbing on things, and he cannot wait his turn in fames or lines. He is suffering from______—–disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
Oppositional defiant disorder nay be a precursor of________ disorder
conduct
Each of the following is a cognitive distortion common to children suffering from depression EXCEPT
a) expecting the worst
b) catastrophizing the consequences of negative events
c) blaming others for negative outcomes, even when it is unwarranted
d) selectivity attending to the negative features of an event
blaming others for negative outcomes, even when it is unwarranted
Electroconvulsive therapy
has recently opted for shorter courses of treatment
Dr. jones is developing a drug to treat cancer. He observes that one of the side effects of this drug is that it elevates a person’s mood. A year later, this drug becomes an important tool in the treatment of depression. Discoveries of this type in science are
common as most physicians carefully monitoring a patients reaction to a drug have observed unanticipated benefits in other areas
Ken has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. As a psychiatrist, what can you perscribe to treat him
mood stabilizers
_________consist of strange muscular movements such as eye-twitching and tongue thrusting, whereas_______ include stooped posture, muscular ridgidity, a distinctive shuffling gait, and occasional drooling.
tardive dyskinesia; parkinsonian effects
You are a psychiatrist who is treating an elderly schizophrenic patient. You are worried about extrapyramidal effects and serious health risks, and would like to keep these at an abslute minimum. Which of the following drugs would you most likely prescribe
polanzapine
Which of the following best describes the current situation regarding prescription privileges for psychologists in Canada
The CPA has not taken a stand one the issue of prescription privileges
John has been seeing a psychotherapist for the past six months. Although the service provided has been average, john finds out that his psychotherapist has little or no professional training. What can he do to recify his situation
He cant do anything. He should have inquired into the training and background of his psychotherapist before singing on as a client
We can trace the roots of psychodynamic therapy to which of the following individuals
sigmund freud
Dave is hostile towards everyone. His therapist provides him with feedback indicating that his interpersonal style is perpetuating and provoking conflicts. He teaches Dave to interact with others in a more flexible and positive way. Which type of psychotherapy is Dave’s therapist using
Interpersonal psychodynamic therapy
Carl Rogers developed client-centred therapy in the 1940s as an alternative to
psychoanaysis
Which of the following does not take place during client-centered therapy?
a client is diagnosed
Jane has a fear of dogs. Her therapist decides to gradually let her interact with some dogs in his presence until her fear disappears. This technique is known as
behavioural actication
Donald Meichenbaum developed________ to train individuals in effective strategies for talking themselves through difficult challenges
self-instructional training
Clinical psychologists are among the main providers of psychotherapy. Tjs most commonly endorsed orientation is
eclectic
Which of the following is false regarding psychotherapy
the canadian government ensures that all those who are most in need of psychotherapy, adequately receive such a service
Jack is concerned thast he is not getting the most out of his psychotherapy. He no longer feels depressed yet has only been to seven sessions. As an expert on treatment length, what would be the best advice you could give him
You should tell him that even though he feels cured he should continue to attend therapy sessions for a minimum of 13 to 20 sessions, as he will otherwise receive less than optimal benefit from therapy
According to the national institutes for clinical excellence (NICE), a person suffering from mild depression for the first time and seeking treatment should
be offered brief CBT
Comparisons of voluntary and involuntary admissions have ound that the primary diagnosis for most involuntary patients to be
psychotice disorder
The discretionary approach to violence risk assessment is largely____________, whereas the nondiscretionary approach is primarily________
subjective; objective
Ken is charge with first degree murder. He fully comprehends and remembers what he has done, yet shows no remorse and is unable to accept moral responsibilty for his actions. Ken should
be given a normal trial
Robert has assulted a neighbour. Even though he understands the act itself, he is declared, according to the M’Naghten standard, to be insane. Which of the following would most effectively help us judge the accuaracy of this claim?
Robert is unable to understand that the act is wrong
People who are unable to participate actively in their own defence due to mental disorder are
referred to as unfit to stand trial
The concepts “fit to stand trial” and “not criminlly responsible on account of a mental disorder (NCRMD)”
sre distinct and call for different questions to be anwsered
The fitness interview test (FIT-R)
Helps psychologists and psychiatrists assess whether an individual is fit to stand trial
which of the following is true regarding NCRMD
very few people charged with criminal offences clain to be NCRMD
The five general ethical prinicples stated in the code of ethics include all of the following EXCEPT
a) principle of beneficence
b) principle of autonomy
c) principle of fidelity
d) principle of science
e) prinicple of nonmaleficence
prinicple of science
Which of the following professionals is not qualified to determine whether a person meets the criteria for civil commitment into a psychiatric hospital
psychologist
