Test 2 Flashcards
Definition: Colonization
Colonization is the process of settling
among and establishing control over the
indigenous peoples of an area
Definition: Patriarchy
Patriarchy is social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family
the legal dependence of wives and children,
and the
recording of descent and inheritance by the male line
How was patriarchy introduced into Canada?
It came from Britain.
What effect did industrialization have on Canada?
It created a separation of spheres leading to the decline in women’s status.
How did the view of family change?
The family was now the responsibility of the women and it was considered lower valued work.
Challenges to patriarchy
The women’s movement ( Right to vote, education, and paid work) and the great depression (No work)
1950s
The ideal family AKA nuclear family and the pressures of living this life created marital unhappiness.
What two things changed the ways families are formed?
Common law and same sex marriage.
List: What are the premiums of marriage?
- Institutionalization
• Institution with legal and social support
• Celebrated and meaningful social role - Specialization
• Can create an efficient division of labor - Domestication
• Engage in fewer high-risk behaviors (esp. men)
• Partners integrate more into society
The concept of marriage premiums is NOT universal
• Diminishing in North America with increasing gender
equality
When does gender stereotyping begin?
Before the baby is born
Definition: The second shift
The Second Shift refers to household and childcare
duties that follow a full day of paid work outside the home
Impacts on parents and children
Daycare Teenage Pregnancy Lone Parenting ‘Fatherlessness’ Same-sex Parenting
Definition: Stigma
Stigma refers to a strong feeling of social
disapproval or a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person
Definition: Hidden Curriculum
A Hidden Curriculum refers to ‘unintended
lessons’ such as the transmission of norms, values, and
beliefs conveyed in the classroom and social environment
1700’s Education Characteristics
restricted to upper-class boys and men
• Women viewed as insufficiently rational
• Religious (Catholic and Christian) institutions also
justified the exclusion of females from education
• Education was linked to the concept of masculinity
Early 1900’s Education Characteristics
Womens suffrage movement, women in post secondary.
When does the gendering process begin in the classroom?
As soon as you enter it.
In kindergarten, ‘boy toys’ are often in one area and ‘girl
toys’ in another — Sex-segregated by invisible but real boundaries
Canada’s modern education system is considered
gender-neutral
Who reinforces gender differences?
Teachers and curriculum reinforce gender difference and (often) the
inequalities that go along with and/or produce those inequalities
• Occurs both overtly and subtly
• Classroom setting reproduces gender inequality
Textbooks have authority and can reinforce gender
stereotypes by…
- Can make images and ideas seem ‘natural’
* Now includes other forms of instructional media used in classrooms (e.g., instructional videos, colouring books, etc.)
Definition: Gender intensification
Gender intensification refers to an exaggerated preference for all things ‘boy’ or ‘girl’
In elementary school girls tend to have higher self-esteem than boys. What happens in middle school?
female self-esteem tends to fall dramatically
• In adolescence girls discover that they are valued more
for their appearance than their talents
• Begin to focus more on their bodies and less on their
competence
• NOT universal or inevitable – it is a cultural issue
What are boys more subject to in school?
learning and behavioral challenges into adolescence
• More likely to be diagnosed with dyslexia and ADD/ADHD
• The majority of school suspensions are boys
‘pathologizing boyhood’
• Paying attention to girls’ experiences and ignoring the boys
• It is confusing when we celebrate ‘boy culture’ as children then punish them for it as adolescents!
List: Types of bullying
- Physical aggression (stereotypical)
- Verbal aggression (name calling)
- Relational bullying (isolating/damaging peer relationships)
- Indirect bullying (mobilizing a third party or indirect contact)
Girls tend to engage in relational and indirect forms of
bullying
Boys tend to engage in physically and verbally aggressive bullying
Definition: Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment involves unwelcome conduct
of a sexual nature
Definition: Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying involves an aggressive,
intentional act carried out by a group or individual,
using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly over time
against a victim who cannot defend themselves
List: Feminist theories are diverse and include…
- Liberal feminism (inequality due to different life opportunities)
- Marxist/Socialist feminism (patriarchal oppression under capitalism)
- Ecofeminism (explores the links between gender and environmental justice)
- Radical feminism (fundamental social change required, not policy changes)
- Postcolonial feminism (effects of racism/colonization in non-Western cultures)
- Queer and Transfeminism (need to recognize and include alternate genders and gender fluidity)
List: Men’s movement:
- Men’s Liberation movement
• Pro-feminist supporting equality for all (men are oppressed, too)
• Developed during 2nd wave feminism
• Engaged in anti-machismo ‘masculinity therapy’ (in touch with their ‘feelings’) - Men’s Rights movement
• Criticize the disadvantaging of men in modern society (legal)
• View feminism as damaging to men
• Argue that men are more oppressed than women (that male privilege is a myth)
• Today sects of this movements have turned to violence (e.g., incels) - Mythopoetic or New Men’s movement
• Developed in the 80s as an extension of the Men’s Liberation movement
• New cultural (indigenous) perspective differentiates this movement
• Focus on male psychological development and spiritually
