Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 Most Common Types of Accuracy?
The 2 most common types of accuracy are Mean Discrepancy & Rank Order Accuracy
Mean Discrepancy: Tom’s self report - Jill’s report = ?
Rank order accuracy: Jill only needs to report whether tom was above or below average
What are some CUES for personality?
Faces
For extraversion, conscientiousness, open-mindedness, seeing someone’s face alone gives you a r = .3 accurate judgement of their personality/these traits
-consequences of face: death penalty vs. life in prison
-Competence & Politics
R =.44, if you perceive a face as competent then politician more likely to get more votes Above average competent looking face, about 70% more votes
Musical taste
-Dimensions categorize music better than genre
-New age music:
open minded r= .44,
intelligent= .08 (self report only though), liberal r= .15 (targeted ads on spotify)
-Heavy metal: conscientiousness r = -.18, negative emotionality r= -.23 (theyre actually calmer, less depressed, less anxious)
-Pop:
Extraverted r= .24, Agreeable r= .23, open-minded r= -.14
What does “Good information” mean?
Some information can lead you towards accuracy better than others, such as the amount and quality of information
Ex: context of a coffee shop lets people express high or low extraversion
The longer you know someone, the better you can judge their personality, you’ve seen them across different contexts
What does “Good Judge” mean?
The good judge can read other people
We know very little about these people because there is little variability in this skill
Most of why you’re accurate is about who the other person is rather than your abilities
People don’t seem to have accurate self knowledge about their judging abilities
However, people who say they are a good judge can identify who is a good or bad target. But when with the target, they can be just as good as someone who’s a bad judge
Some “inkling” of evidence, is that people who are good judges are slightly more compassionate and trusting (may be a bit higher in agreeableness)
- To be a good judge, you have to make the other person a good target by creating an environment that elicits self disclosure and cues
- But still mostly comes down to good or bad targets
What does “Good target” mean?
Good targets are people who are easier to judge than others.
They tend to be well adjusted, consistent, self-disclosers (willing to open up about their life)
-Well adjusted is a controversial trait, because if someone is well adjusted to society you could use your knowledge of stereotypes and society to easily judge them
Drives a lot of accuracy
What does “Inter-judge consensus” mean?
Inter-judge consensus means that the more people that agree, the more accurate the judgements are
-Behavioral prediction: judges are as accurate as they are able to predict someone’s behavior
-Target is too biased, so you take 2 ppl who know them and have them rate you and see how similar their answers are
Extraversion r = .51 (most accurate to predict)
Agreeableness r = .4
Conscientiousness r = .44
Negative emotionality r = .4
Open mindedness r = .39
Describe the lens model
First, to judge Tom, Tom must give off cues for you to pick up on.
Factor in CUE VALIDITY:
- Indexed by correlation between tom’s personality and the cues that tom is giving off
- if a cue is valid, it is a predictor of his personality
Cues
- Flashy attire could = extraversion (appearance)
- Facial expressions
- Writing style
How valid is that cue to tom’s extraversion?
- Decide r=0, no relationship between tom’s extraversion and his attire
- Or r= .3 and say expression is a valid indicator
- R can be negative, just tells you the direction not the strength of the relationship. Writing stile could be r= -0.4 (“the more extroverted, the less they use “I” “ would be negative strong relationship)
next, CUE UTILITY!
- The cues jill uses to judge tom
- Jil could be using toms flashy appearance, face as a cue for extraversion.
- There could be cues shes not using, she could be NOT using his writing style
- Jill can measure the validity inaccurately, she can judge his appearance as r= .3 when it’s really 0
- If she measures writing style as .5, but it’s really -0.4, she’s using a cue in the wrong way and its leading her astray
How do you calculate mean discrepancy?
Tom’s self report - Jill’s report = ?
Tom’s self report (4) - Jill’s report (3)
4-3=1, Jill underestimated tom’s score by 1 point, or tom self enhanced his score by 1 (bc you don’t know who was more accurate)
-If score is positive, she underestimated it
-If jill’s mean discrepancy was 0 then she was accurate
-If jill gets -1, tom could be humble or jill could be overestimating him
-Average all discrepancy scores: see if people typically over or underestimate a trait Extraversion r = -.05 Negative emotional r = -.08 (people themselves as less negatively emotional than other people see them) Agreeableness r = -.01 Conscientiousness r= -.06 Open mindedness r = .12 The scores being close to 0 suggests that people estimate themselves pretty accurately
What are some modifiers of accuracy?
The Good Trait
Good target
Good judge
Good information
What is Profile Accuracy?
Profile accuracy is a less common type of accuracy that looks at what the patterns within Tom are.
What is Rank Order Accuracy?
Rank order accuracy is one of the most common types of accuracy. Within it, Jill only needs to report whether tom was above or below average in trait expression.
Are the people who tend to say they’re high in extraversion judged as being high?
If they say they are low, is it judged that way? Not about how accurate, but whether it’s accurate compared to other people.
Target 1 was the most extraverted and was judged as the most extraverted
About accurate ranking, not accurate scores on a sale Accuracy: r > 0 No accuracy: r = 0
Describe the Realistic Accuracy model
- Availability: Which cues are being broadcasted to the world
- If tom hides his writing, you cant use that as a cue! - Relevancy: are the cues revealing of the trait you care about?
-Just because it’s available doesn’t mean it’s useful. They have to be available and relevant
Availability & relevancy is about Tom - Detection: Are judges able to pick up on the cues?
-Jill must detect the cues (the show Lie to Me)
Utilization: are judges using the cues in the right way?
-Just because you notice it doesn’t mean you’ll utilize it in the appropriate way (not understanding winking = flirting)
What are the differences between the Lens Model and Realistic Accuracy Model?
LENS MODEL
- Cue validity
- cue utility
REALISTIC ACCURACY MODEL
- Availability
- Relevancy
- Detection
- Utilization
They are similar because they are not competing, they’re built off of each other
What does “The Good Trait” mean?
The Good Trait means that some traits are easier to judge (extraversion)
What makes some traits easier to judge:
Outward Visibility: some traits are more outwardly visible, such as someone’s high energy and sociability, whereas agreeableness or trusting is more internal
-More available, easier to detect
&
How evaluative that trait is:
-a trait is evaluative if it’s really obvious what the ‘good’ end of that trait is
-Low evaluative trait: doesn’t really matter whether youre high or low, such as extraversion. High agreeableness = “more good” than low
-Moral character traits
What are the Two less common types of accuracy?
Profile accuracy: what are the pattern of traits within Tom?
Person differential: look at the pattern of people in your life. Can I as a judge differentiate that Steve is less neurotic than Sally, who’s more neurotic than Stu? Ex: If you want a conscientious babysitter
Explain Heritability Coefficients
Heritability coefficients measure how heritable a trait is
- Some traits are more heritable than others
- Everything is heritable (almost never get heritability coefficient of 0)
Environment matters too
-Also almost never get heritability coefficient of 1
Amygdala
- Middle of your brain
- Calculates threats & rewards for actions
- People with PTSD have heightened activity & are super responsive to threats
- Implicated in emotions
(rhesus monkeys & charles whitman)
- Monkeys acted out a lot so they removed their amygdalas and then they were much easier to work with
- Whitman’s diary showed that he had impulsive thoughts and it took so much effort to override those impulses. When he dies, he wanted someone to try to find damage to his brain.
- He had a brain tumor next to his amygdala
-If you show introverts pictures of strangers, their amygdala lights up
-In general, extroversion -negatively associated with the amygdala
More activation = less extroversion
-Negative emotionality has +positive association with amygdala activity
What are the two types of brain damage?
Natural causes
- most ethical
- Phineas Gage
- Trauma (gunshot wounds, falling & hitting head)
- Brain tumors
Man Made
- Lobotomy
- Split brain surgery
Explain brain imaging
Brain imaging is the least invasive way of brain examination
We can see where blood oxygen is flowing to and away from in brain regions, body sends oxygen regions which are using up resources
Just because a brain region is being “used”, it can be working hard to activate OR inhibit things.
-Not clear whether region is sending signals to promote or inhibit things
- EEG & MEG
- PET Scan
- MRI & fMRI
What are the 2 types of brain stimulation?
Electrodes
Parkinson’s - woman who exhibited depression during brain stimulation and then went immediately back to a neutral state when it ended
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Turn off functioning of a region in someone's brain Close to brain damage Temporary brain damage Non-permanent Non-invasive Video in class
How do you calculate Heritability coefficients?
( r identical - r fraternal ) * 2 = heritability coefficient
( .60 - .40 ) * 2 = 0.4
Does NOT mean that 40% of my traits come from my parents
—40% of the variability in traits can be explained by genes
How should you remember Cortisol?
- Anxiety, depression, negative emotionality
- Not a cause of stress/anxiety/depression
- Being stressed leads to release of cortisol
- Associated with heart disease
- Negative emotionality also associated with cardiovascular disorders
- Sensation seeking
- Insurance companies could track who has high negative emotionality and then not give them insurance for certain procedures
Define Gene x Environment interactions and give examples
Genes express themselves better in a nutritionally rich environment
- A nutritionally rich environment: the heritability coefficient is ~1.0 for height
- A nutritionally poor environment: the heritability coefficient is ~0 for height
- –North Koreans are on average 3cm shorter than south Koreans
What are the biochemical correlates of personality?
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (Adrenaline & Noradrenaline)
- Testosterone & Estrogen
- Cortisol
- Oxytocin
What are the structural correlates of personality?
Amygdala
Frontal Lobes
How should you remember Dopamine?
- Turns motivation into action
- Behavioral approach system
- The behavioral “GO” system
- Heavily involved in muscle movements (Parkinson’s, & L-dopa)
- People with an abundance of dopamine are assertive, dominant, outgoing- extraverts
- Also associated with higher levels of open-mindedness
Describe EEG & MEG
EEG & MEG are imaging methods used to measure brain activity directly and non-invasively (from outside the head). The images produced by EEG and MEG are not very localised, but they can monitor how electrical activity changes with time very precisely (milliseconds)
Define epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of how the environment influences gene expression
Describe Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (Adrenaline & Noradrenaline)
Stress floods the body with adrenaline
- Increases heart rate (breathing quick to get oxygen)
- Digestion stops (not wasting resources on nutrition)
- Body mustering resources it may need to respond to a potential threat
Fight or Flight
External validity problems (tests only done on men, when done on women then another option was discovered)
-“Tend and Befriend”
+Positive association with negative emotionality
Describe the relationship between evolution and personality
Some personality traits exist because they perform certain functions for survival, and even being high or low in them can perform a certain function.
Evolution = blueprints for people Differences = variations on same human theme
What are survival functions of the big 5 personality traits?
Extraversion & Agreeableness = form social groups
Negative emotionality = avoid dangers
conscientiousness = persist in the face of difficulty
open-mindedness = problem solving, intellectual curiosity
Functions of Left Frontal Lobe
- Draws you to approach pleasant things
- Inhibit negative (make you care less about negative aspects)
- Extraversion
- Low levels of negative emotionality
What are the methodological approaches to test biological underpinnings of personality?
Brain damage
Brain Stimulation
Brain imaging (least invasive)
How should you remember MRI & fMRI?
Series of snapshots looking at the blood-oxygenation level
measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases
How should you remember Oxytocin?
- “the love drug”
- Strongly related to mother-child attachment
- Romantic attraction/ sexual behavior
- Related to people’s attachment to those around them
- Positive correlation with trusting
- Oxytocin can make threatening stimuli seem less threatening
- —People with boost of oxytocin’s amygdala didn’t light up as much to scary stimuli
How should you remember PET scan?
Positron emission topography
Must drink radioactive isotopes drink
Functions of Right Frontal Lobe
- Avoiding unpleasant stimuli, calculating threats.
- High levels of negative emotionality
How should you remember serotonin?
Behavioral inhibition system
Especially inhibits things that are attractive but dangerous (go to sleep instead of party)
Associated with higher levels of agreeableness & getting along with others, organize behavior & getting stuff done, conscientiousness
Helps you avoid mood swings, tethered to negative emotionality
Prozac is close to taking medication to change personality/negative emotionality
-is a drug that can change someone’s personality ethical?
How should you remember Testosterone & Estrogen?
Sex hormones
Testosterone
- partly responsible for aggression, builds muscle for body builders (steroids), affects sexual arousal
- Those who are aggressive tend to have higher levels of testosterone
- But it’s a more complex relationship- men with high levels of testosterone are not necessarily aggressive
Sports Riots- when your sports team wins, testosterone levels go up, amp up energy level & potentially aggression
Assertiveness
High energy levels
Extraversion
What are the Bio influences of Extraversion?
Dopamine
Testosterone
Frontal Lobe
Amygdala
What are the Bio influences of Agreeableness?
Serotonin
Oxytocin
What are the Bio influences of Conscientiousness?
Serotonin
What are the Bio influences of Negative Emotionality?
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Frontal Lobe
Amygdala
What are the Bio influences of Open-mindedness?
Dopamine
what type of value should calculating heritability ALWAYS yield?
Positive +
What is the continuity principle?
Personality is increasingly stable
What is statistical validity?
Statistical Validity is the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a statistical test are accurate and reliable.
- estimate effects precisely
- low margin of error
What is external validity?
External validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to the world at large. “Generalizability”.
- not just about # of ppl
- sample must represent population
- range of ages indicates high external validity
What is construct validity?
the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring
What are ways of testing Stability vs change
Longitudinal Research design: assess people’s personality at one time and again at time 2
Analytic Approaches: Mean Level & Rank Order approach
What are some take-aways from Analytic Approach: Mean Level?
- Personality changes throughout our lives
- Small incremental steps to change
- Different patterns of change for different traits
Maturity principle: People mature in predictable ways
What is the Maturity Principle?
People mature in predictable ways
-regular trait changes make sense when you consider what’s happening in life stages
What is the pattern of traits stability within the Rank Order Approach?
ALL traits are associated with increasing stability
What are the trends of Openness in Mean Levels Approach?
- most complex
- initial increases, stability, later decreases
- increases from 10-25
- relatively stable during adulthood
- decreases a little bit in old age
What are the trends of Negative Emotionality in Mean Levels Approach?
- Decrease until middle age, then stabilize
- goes down until mid 40s and then starts to stabilize
What are the trends of Extraversion in Mean Levels Approach?
increase until middle age, then stabilize
-goes up from 10-35 and then stabilizes
What are the trends of Conscientiousness in Mean Levels Approach?
- similar to agreeableness
- steadily increases across lifespan
What are the trends of Agreeableness in Mean Levels Approach?
- Similar to conscientiousness
- steadily increase across the lifespan
What is a Longitudinal Research design?
assess people’s personality at one time and again at time 2
is every personality trait heritable?
Yes, to a certain extent
How to calculate Heritability?
(r of identical twins - r of fraternal twins) x 2
Can personality change?
Personality is both stable and changing
Describe the correlation quadrants in Analytic Approach: Rank Order
Change | Stable
Stable | Change
r > 0 = more stability
r < 0 = more change
Describe Analytic Approach: Rank Order
- ranks everyone from least to most extroverted @ time 1
- ranks sample people @ time 2
- If ranks stay the same, then say personality trait is stable.
- rank order stays stable across time - If ranks do not stay the same, then say personality does change
- rank order does not stay stable across time
Describe Analytic Approach: Mean level
Assessing personality change
- focus on one trait (extraversion)
- Plot trait on Y axis- low or high
- Assess trait @ time 1
- Assess trait @ time 2
- time depends on study - Personality score @ time 2 - Personality score @ time 1 = personality change score
What is the “Type-A Myth”?
“Type a” personality is not respected by current researchers.
Not included in recent publications.
Started off with doctors looking at cardiovascular disease patients and noticing that lots of the patients were overly ambitious workaholics and labeled them as Type A personality
Kernel of truth: some people considered type A exhibit hostility, and people who exhibit hostility have exhibited cardiovascular disease throughout history
-Cant really do experiments on health because you cant manipulate someone’s health, unethical
Big tobacco companies funded research into type A personality to take advantage of limitation of correlational research
-Wanted to convince governments that type A people smoke which is why they have poor health, not that it’s because of the smoking
Describe Schizotypal PD
-Quirky, odd, eccentric, superstitious, weird theories
-becomes problematic in how they interact with the world
-Hard to relate to others
-Beliefs about the world are so strange that it’s hard to relate or talk to them
-Strange behaviors
-Prevalence rate .5-3.5% (rough estimates)
-Hard to measure because of stigma
–difficult to collect data from populations
–threshold of having the personality disorder is mushy so measurement is also mushy
Seems to be more common in men
Describe the idea of Rank Order Approach
Are the ppl high in this trait at time 1 still more high in this trait than the average at time 2?
Childhood- r = .31
University and later on I development r = .57
Adulthood- r = .74
What is the plasticity principle?
you can always change (but it gets hella hard)
Personality, Pathology, Happiness and Health: Summary
There is more to living well than avoiding pathology
Relationship between personality & health is complicated
Health influences emotional experiences
The more conscientious someone is, the better their physical outcomes
Differences between OCD & OCPD
OCPD
- Ego-syntonic
- Stable, develops over long period of time and if it goes away that will take a long time too
OCD
- Not ego-syntonic
- develops in shorter time & not necessarily a stable aspect of personality
- people would develop extreme ritualistic behaviors more all of a sudden
Describe Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Rituals- beyond normal variations, extreme versions, feel anxious and guilty about having failed to do a ritualistic behavior
Lack big picture Think that if they don’t do a ritualistic behavior then it’s awful and world will end
Workaholics (unproductive)- putting in extra effort to go through daily rituals
-But they’re not productive because losing the big picture prevents them from accomplishing the broader goals
Hoarding
- People thought of as hoarders often have OCPD
- Not always a spotless, clean house- could also mean they wont get rid of objects because they’re worried they’ll need it
Ego-syntonic: Think it’s just who they are usually, think it’s how things should be
Describe Narcissistic PD
- Make great first impressions
- Something that might be adaptive, at its extremes can be problematic
- Good at job interviews
- Annoying in the long run
- Realize those first great impressions maybe aren’t true
- Adaptive becomes maladaptive
- Believe: Most beautiful Most powerful
- Rules are for others
- Believe they are master manipulators, don’t feel bad about it because they feel they are better, try to be exploitive.
- Believe they are too good for menial tasks
- Expect praise & demand it
- Problematic when others’ perspective is that they don’t deserve it
- Distressed when other people don’t praise them
- Sensitive to ego threats
- When other people accomplish something, that is a challenge to them being the best so they become hostile
- Narcissistic behavior: constant one-upping
- Prevalence: 0-6.2% - how did it get as low as 0? That’s probably not accurate
- Doesn’t manifest itself in a clear, objective, consistent way, so its less useful to label people this way and rather evaluating their traits
-Probably on its way out of being a classification because its so complicated and has so much variance
Very ego-syntonic-Treating this is hard bc to change someone has to believe they can and want to, but usually they don’t even think they have any problems People high in narcissism don’t lack awareness of their reputation but will say that everyone else is wrong
What is the Least to Most helpful data in Personality & Physical Health research?
“S” Data is great but challenging because people will be biased or not truly understand their own health. Therefore s data not very useful
“I” data a bit more helpful- helps us be pretty sure that there is a direct relationship between personality & physical health
“L” data - pretty objective, but hard to get. Particular medical records protected.
Except death certificates are not as confidential- public domain.
Interpretation of L data not ambiguous- not healthy if you’re not alive.
What are the Bad 5 in the ICD-11?
Negative Affectivity Detachment Dissociality Disinhibition Anankastia (rigid perfectionism)
What does the WHO’s ICD-11 do?
- Makes diagnosis objective
- Insurance
- Embraces new research-based methods
- Slight differences but essentially the same as the alternate approach in the DSM
- Usable for non-specialists (general health practicitioners)
How does ICD-11 diagnose?
- Assess degree of personality dysfunction from mild to moderate to severe
- Can be qualified by description of domain traits (completely removed from any sort of pathological language)
How does DSM-V alternate diagnose?
- Assess clients’ “personality functioning” (rate overall severity)
- Assess if at least 1 of the 6 defined disorders is present (label as diagnosis)
- Assess each of the 5 maladaptive traits
- Might say person “has severe personality disorder characterized by…”
How does Conscientiousness relate to happiness?
People higher in conscientiousness
- Live longer
- Higher quality of life
Research meta-analysis
- N = 76,150
- 3,947 died
- Bottom third: 1.4 times more likely to die
Possibilities:
Direct Behaviors:
-Smoke & drink less
Indirect:
- Higher probability of employment
- Be insured because of employment (many countries including US)
- Less stress (if you have employment, not hard to get car fixed)
Describe the “Happiness pie”
Various pieces of happiness
Set point: some people are just happier than others.
Stable across time.
Has to do with negative emotionality & extraversion dimensions
Life circumstances represent smallest portion of why people are happy
People almost always come back to their typical level of happiness
Meaningful but short-term affects
Behaviors
Active gratitude, relaxing, associated with low negative emotionality
Tends to have a typical maturation curve over time
-Peak around 50 and then goes down with age
What does the American Psychological Associatin’s DSM-V do?
- make diagnosis objective (like ICD-11)
- Insurance (like ICD-11)
- Traditional vs. Research-based
2 systems for understanding personality disorders
- has traditional approach in main volume a d emerging perspectives based on research at the end of the manual. This is an unsatisfactory compromise.
- Must use alternative approach if getting US funding
- Insurance companies are AGAINST new way b/c it makes its harder to definitively categorize “diseases”
DSM-V’s bad 5 (alternate)
Negative Affectivity Detachment Antagonism Disinhibition Psychoticisim
Why is labeling useful but also misleading?
- Doesn’t give a full & rich description of the person
- acting like the case is closed after diagnosis is a mistake
- probably necessary practically for allocating resources
- need a language, way to talk about the individual’s personality
What are the requirements of a personality disorder?
Has to be that someone’s personality is unusual or abnormal
-pathology must be extreme & What’s unusual could depend on culture
Must be problematic
- could be really unusual but it’s not problematic, so its not a disorder
- maybe doesn’t cause problems for them but extreme & problematic for everyone else, still a disorder
Impact social relations
-Pathology manifests itself in dysfunction in the way that people relate to others
Stable over time
-Timescale- develops over a matter of years, also take years of treatment before a personality disorder will no longer be causing problems in every day life
Sometimes people view it (their personality disorder) as who they are
-don’t think it’s problematic, ego-syntonic
Configurations of traits that are socially undesirable
Any trait when taken to an extreme can be pathological
-except open-mindedness
Explain Borderline PD
- Their fluctuations are highly unstable and can go from compassionate to hostile in one conversation -Patterns of thinking are chaotic and un-patterned
- Belief systems unstable
- Makes them a “bad target” for judging their personality
- One of the most extreme
- Often engage in self harm
- -Self-mutilation
- -Suicide (8-10%): If a disease had a mortality rate this high people would know about it and be more concerned, Should be thought of a serious condition that should have more resources to help people
1st form of treatment: trying to give alternative to self-harm behavior such as sudoku, logic problems, word searches Self-harm could be a coping mechanism, and so these distractions help Prevalence ~2% Most common in women (75%)
Explain Avoidant PD
Avoid everyday- When feeling of anxiety around failing rises to such a level where people avoid their everyday life because they’re worried they’ll fail, it can rise t a level of being an avoidant personality disorder
Don’t go to class, work, social events
Expect the worst
Prevalence ~2.4%
Explain Antisocial PD
Some people are dishonest- normal variation
Extreme- lie, cheat, steal, reckless, impulsive
-More likely for drug abuse
-Risky sexual behaviors
-Heartless- don’t care about those around them
-Lack of care leads antisocial PD to be associated with psychopathy
-Not always the case that they go together
-All psychopaths probably have antisocial personality disorder but not all people with antisocial PD are psychopaths More likely to be divorced- these people don’t respect social contracts Impulsiveness makes addiction likely
Breaking the law- imprisonment
High rates of suicide
-Prevalence: 0.2-3.3%
-More common in men
Controversial: overwhelmingly disproportionately diagnosed in people in poverty
—Known as the personality disorder of the poor
Why are poverty and personality behaviors linked?
Adaptive to break social norms keeping you in poverty, but at extreme levels lead to extreme outcomes
Link with poverty is so extreme that some say we shouldn’t classify it as a disorder but rather something that can arise with poverty
What are the 6 types of personality disorders?
Schizotypal Narcissistic Antisocial Borderline Avoidant Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD)
