Test 2

Question 1

Why have many European coutnries encourages immigration of foreign populations into their borders in the recent past

Answer 1

they were experiencing low or negative growth, and needed immigrants to fill gaps in their labor force

Question 2

at their first language, 90 perecnt of Europes population speak languages from what three groups

Answer 2

Germanic, Romance, Slavic

Question 3

Probably the most striking characteristic or Europe’s demeography is

Answer 3

the lack of natural growth

Question 4

besides the division between western and eastern churchses, the otehr great spilt within christianity occured between

Answer 4

Catholicisim and Protestantism

Question 5

How many major landforms represent the European phsysical enviorment

Answer 5

4

Question 6

two of the major enviormental issues is in Europe, air pollution and acid rain, are:

Answer 6

transnational and transboundary issues, being dealt with through the European Union, and mostly affecting areas in Eastern Europe. All of these

Question 7

Which of the following does not constitute a pro-natal or pro-growth policy being used in some European countries

Answer 7

tax breaks for small families

Question 8

Europes (or the European Unions) perimeter of “hard” borders, with soft and porous internal borders, has oftern been dubbed the nickname

Answer 8

Fortress Europe

Question 9

In what region of Africa is desertificaiton most severe

Answer 9

the Sahel

Question 10

what is transhumance

Answer 10

the seasonal movement of animals between wet and dry season pasutres

Question 11

Africa:

Answer 11

has a young population in comparison with Western countries

Question 12

what disease is a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa, causing death and leaving many children orphaned

Answer 12

HIV/AIDS

Question 13

“High Africa” and “Low Africa” are in reference to what physical feautrue?

Answer 13

elevation

Question 14

What Indo-European language emerged organically form within Africa

Answer 14

Afrikaans

Question 15

With the eradication of these tsetse fly (and sleeping sickness), cattle produciton was allowed to increase in sub-Saharan Africa. However, at what expense does this this expansion come with?

Answer 15

the reduction of natural habitats for large, endangered animals, such as elephants and rhinoceros

Question 16

By what name is the region of southwest asia (and sometimes parts of North Africa) most commonly known ?

Answer 16

the Middle East

Question 17

what is the definition of hydropolitics?

Answer 17

conflict between two nations over the water resources contained in a river

Question 18

what type of subsistence agrictulture depends on the seasonal movement of livestock fro their livelihood?

Answer 18

pastoral nomadism

Question 19

in which city of southwest asia are there important religious sites for Judaism, Chirstianity, and Islam

Answer 19

Jerusalem, Israel

Question 20

Whcih of the following is NOT one of the five esential activiites (pillars) of Islam

Answer 20

making a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

Question 21

What is the dominant factor in the location of the population settlemetns in north Africa and Southwest Asia?

Answer 21

Water

Question 22

Which language family dominates the middle east

Answer 22

Afro-Asiatic

Question 23

much of hte communicaiton in South Asia happens using what language

Answer 23

English

Question 24

Which of the following best describes population trends in South Asia?

Answer 24

significant poulation gowth, mostly rural population, rapid migration form rural to urban. All of these

Question 25

Which of the following South Asians countries is NOT one of the top ten most populous countries in the world?

Answer 25

Sri Lanka

Question 26

Which of the following phrases best describes the outcome of the green revolution?

Answer 26

an agricultural success, but an ecological and social failure

Question 27

what religion dominates in Pakistan and Bangladesh

Answer 27

Islam

Question 28

a thousand years ago, what was the major unifying force in south asia?

Answer 28

Caste system

Question 29

What is the most serious natural hazard in Bangladesh

Answer 29

flooding

Question 30

Eruope Cultural divides

Answer 30

Europe is very diverse culuturally. It has different languages that represent different countries, as well as different relgions, and diverse curtural landscapes. It is diverse in landscapes because of the region you are in. it has the European lowland or the “north European plain” that is the economic hub of Western Europe. This is where western Europe of industrialized and that is becuease it is easy to have agricclutre grow there becas eit is flat and well watered. Then it is the alpine Mountain system that sets Europe apart from itself because it creates an isolated community on the other sides. There is a mosaic of differences in Europe culturally. People speak with different alphabets and that has to do with what religion they are, so that divides them as people. There is also the divide between western and eastern chrsitianity, their breakup or schism, and this dividison continues to create cultural boundary problematic.

Question 31

Africa cultural divides

Answer 31

In Africa the cultural divides can be seen beucease there is no commonality between people in Africa, there is no common language or language family, there is not common philosophy or way of life, there is no common religious community in Africa, and there is no common political system in Africa. Where you can see a divide is due to geography and high Africa versus low Africa because most people live in low Africa where they can grow more economically which isn’t much, but more than north Africa. The language families are many, and tehya re often localized, so no one outside of the area understands, creating a divide. Islam and Chirstainity are the two religions that cause the most divide in Africa and where you were from and how you lived played a part in which you were.

Question 32

middle East cultural divide

Answer 32

For the middle east, it is divided because of ites diverse social environment, seen with their relgion practices. The divide can be seen with the Judeo-Chrsitan Traditions, and how those have evolved. That chirstianity is an outgrowth of Judaism and it follows Jesus, but the different is that anyone can be Chrsitian it is a global identity, only people born into Jewish ways can be a Jew, it is ethnic religion. That divides them because each side things they are right. Thre is also a major division in Islam when Muhammad passed, and this created two groups, the Shias that wanted to pass power of Islam in Muhammads family, which the Sunnis said that anyone who is trained can lead. The debate between the two that caused a division is who should elad a new system. Then their division with language depended on where you were from and what religion you followed, you had the Semites and Berbers geographic area where Afro-Asiatic language domintated, the Persian and the Kurds where Ino-European languages dominated, then the Turkish imprint as well affecting the division in languages.

Question 33

South Asia culutral divides

Answer 33

For south Asia, the cultural divides can be seen because of their uneven gowth and development. India is growing economically, while other places are not. It is diverse in the lanscapes because in the flat areas by rivers, it is populous and industrialized, while other places seen like they have not been touched. The divide also comes form the caste system, which not fully followd today, some still go by this. And it is pointing out the divisions between people and mistreating people that way. The country is mostly rural but there are still urban areas that is enhancing the differences between people in the area, making the rich richer, and the poor people in that area have no where to live. There are also so many different languages tha most people to communicate have to use English though the most spoken language is Hindi.

Question 34

Be able to discuss the concept of “cultural hearths” and how they tie into regions such as the Middle East and South Asia

Answer 34

Cultural hearths are the starting points of a cultural practice. They are where things can be tied back to, the beginning. Hearth is the source, so a cultural hearth is a source of culture, and then seeing how it is spread of culture around the world. It is a location that saw the origins of a culture from which it later spread. The point of diffusion.
Middle east: cultural hearths can be seen in the middle east because of the relgions there, 3 different religions started here, and diffused outward into the world. The middle east ws the hearth of Judeo-Christian tradition, it can trace its religious roots to eastern Mediterranean. Because Christanitiy is global know, it diffused from the middle east, specifically from Judaism because Judaism is ethnic, but chirstianity evolved from it and diffused outward on a global scale. Islam also emergered, or originated in Southwest Asia, mainly in Saudi Arabia. From Saudi Arabia, this diffused outwards as time went on.
South Asia: it is one of the oldest cultural hearths in the world. Because of south Asia’s isolation to the outside world, the isolation created their own cultural hearths that can be seen today. Because of the different physical landscapes, the regions had well-defined cultural beleifs and the ideas that grew from each region were strong.

Question 35

Be able to identify and discuss the long-standing sources of tension in South Asia.

Answer 35

There is long standing tenstion in South Asia beuease of India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan are not friends. They have a very strained history and relationship. Neither places want to be around one another, but they share a 1,900-mile-long border that makes it impossible for that. Pakistan has had many problems unifying their country as one. They base their identity or defines itself by its opposition to India. Looking at India on the other hand, they are defining themselves in many ways, as an emerging world power and a growing economy, not focusing on Pakistan as much. Each country is reliant on one another, and they do not want that to be true, but they are only fighting with one another it seems, and China can see this too, as it affects the countries relationships with one another and itself, There is only one thing that these two countries can agree on, and that is that Kashmiris cannot have independence, but besides that, they do not agree with each other. The two countries will also disagree, and battle, because it is uneven as a whole, between the two.

Question 36

Be able to discuss the role of water (e.g. rivers, oceans, seas) in Europe

Answer 36

Water is such an influential because water is all around, sits as a peninsula. The water will influence the people living in the area, if it is well watered, then agriculture is at a high there, helping people economically. There is also the control over water ways that is very improant t the people living in Europe because it controls trade and power that expand larger than just one country. Also the influence of the ocean, as proximity to water influences the weather, wether it is west and moist or dry. The rivers and ports in Europe allow for rapid development, they are all connected through navigable rivers and canals, and it helps to connect places. Acid rain is an environmental issue due to manufacturaing and urbanization.

Question 37

Be able to compare and contrast environmental issues between Africa and the Middle East.

Answer 37

Environmental issues in Africa: The Sahel and Desertification. Sahel – ecological transition between Sahara and savannas/rain forests. Limited rain, droughts, transhumance. Disagreement over causes of desertification. Overpopulated. Unsustainable practices introduced by Europeans. Overgrazing. Some recovery with new practices (e.g. planting trees). Deforestation. Traditionally relied on forests for daily needs. Increased pressure with higher population. Destruction of rain forests (Ituri). Smaller rain forests nearly disappeared. Wildlife Conservation. Perception of scarcity/degradation Region home to large wildlife areas. East and southern Africa. Protection and tourism. Poaching significant. CITES (1989) – ivory trade. Effort by most of the world to try and cut back on illegal trade of animals and animal products
Environmental issues in Middle east:
Deforestation and overgrazing. Ancient problem- need a way to provide pstures for animals, but also use the limited amount of forests to build homes and tools. Human activity and natural conditions- mixture for disaster. Forest mostly gone; desertification (not just a desert, but it is the growth of deserts). Most forest located near mediterannian now cut down. Reforestation efforts; Saliniztaion. Build up of toxic salts in the soils- water used to irrigate fields, water evaporates. Result of irrigation practices. Desalinizaition plants try and remove salt from water but costs lots of money. Managing water. Infleunced water movement for thousands of years. Contrustion of dams. Collapses of fishing industries due to fights of water. Fossil water- storing water underground. Arid regions cant keep water that long because it evaporates quickly. Middle eastern countries also transport water undergound. Desalinization projects- try to increase water for use. Hydropolitics- interplay of water resourece issues of politics. Countries that share waterways or basins. Fight over water will increase. Choke points- vulnerable narrow waterways. Places on map where stretch of water is not wide, but usually has a lot of economic traffic that moves through it. So the control over these points are very important. Transprotation of oil over these points and military blockaids. Israel has a lot of issues with water and neighbors -the dead sea. Jordan river (Israel and Jordan), sea of galoly, these little spots are contencious. Choke point example: pursian gulf with Saudi arahbi, the Straight of Formus, Iran, UAE, Qutar. Need the straight access to get the Indian ocean

Question 38

Be able to describe the various roles the Himalayas play in South Asia

Answer 38

Mountains of the North. Himalayan Range (rooftop of the world); borders of India, Nepal, and Bhutan, china. Winter: cold/dry winds flow outward from island. High pressure system from Himalayas . Western Ghats and Himalayan foothills substantial rainfall.

Question 39

Europe influences

Answer 39

Africa- European Languages
• Europeans introduced for government and education
• Most African states kept language of colonizers
• Two dominate blocks of languages:
o Francophone Africa
o Anglophone Africa
Afrikaans is a Dutch – based language that emerged in South Africa
South Asia:
1. The Indo-European North
Hindi is most widely spoken language in the region
Bengali is second
Urdu spoken in norther India and Pakistan.
All related languages
Recall, these languages are related to many European languages, such as English

Middle East:
Indo-European langages: widely spoken in the world, more than half of the world
Persian (Iran)
Kurdish (Iraq, Turkey, Iran) shared cultural identity of the Kurds