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motivation > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the desire for freedom personal control and free choice

A

need for autonomy

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2
Q

The tendency for people who are being shocked to exhibit less stress when they think they are in control of the shock even when they are not.

A

panic button effect

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3
Q

A statistical procedure that allows researchers to combine the results of several studies in order to test a single research hypothesis.

A

meta analysis

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4
Q

The assertion that the three core human motives are need for autonomy, need for competence and need for belonging.

A

self determination theory

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5
Q

Primary motives that guide peoples behavior

A

core human motives

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6
Q

The extent that a goal fits with the individuals sense of self.

A

self concordance

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7
Q

Beliefs regarding the cause of behavior or outcome.

A

attributions

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8
Q

The belief that the cause of a behavior resides within the person

A

internal attribution

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9
Q

The belief that the cause of a behavior resides within the situation

A

external attribution

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10
Q

The belief that the cause of a behavior occurs regulary

A

stable attribution

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11
Q

The belief that outcomes in a person life are caused by their own actions and choices.

A

internal locus of control

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12
Q

The belief that outcomes in a persons life are caused by factors outside of their control.

A

External locus control

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13
Q

Performing a behavior because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable

A

Intrinsic motivation

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14
Q

Performing a behavior to gain some external reason or reward.

A

extrinsic motivation

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15
Q

The tendency for people to overestimate the amount of autonomy they have in their lives

A

Illusion of control

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16
Q

Exaggerated self perceptions

A

positive illusion

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17
Q

The tendency for people who are depressed to lack positive illusions and have more accurate positive illusions and have ore accurate self perceptions

A

depressive realism

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18
Q

The belief that one has the ability to influence events at a distance despite no known physical explanation

A

Magical thinking

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19
Q

The belief that engaging in a behavior may result in bad luck or negative outcomes.

A

tempting fate

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20
Q

The tendency for people who feel their freedom is threatened to reassert their autonomy by doing exactly the opposite of what was requested

A

psychological reactance

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21
Q

The tendency for people who have experienced a negative situation in which they had no control to generalize this sense of helplessness to new situations.

A

Learned helplessness

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22
Q

The desire to form and maintain lasting positive interpersonal relationships

A

need to belong

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23
Q

A neurochemical that plays a role in social affiliation and pari bonding

A

oxytocin

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24
Q

The personality trait reflected by a desire to make significant accomplishments holding to higher standard overcoming obstacles and mastering challenges.

A

Achievement motivation

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25
Q

A cognitive representation of a future outcome that an organism is committed to approach or avoid

A

Goal

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26
Q

The belief that traits and abilities are fixed and do not change dramatically over ones lifetime

A

entity theorists

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27
Q

The belief that traits and abilities are malleable and change over time

A

incremental theorist

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28
Q

The subjective state in which people feel completely absorbed and focused on an activity

A

flow

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29
Q

The idea that goals are distinguished by whether they are performance versus learning goals and approach versus avoidance goals

A

2x2 goal taxonomy

30
Q

The extent that a goal is perceived to the integrated into a persons self concept.

A

Goal fusion

31
Q

The extent that an event is relevant to ones self esteem

A

contingencies of self worth

32
Q

Attempts to judge aspects of ones self concept including ones competencies and abilities.

A

self evaluation

33
Q

The idea that we often only know who we are and what we are capable of by comparing ourselves to others

A

social comparison theory

34
Q

A task that provides accurate information and reduces uncertainty about ones ability level

A

diagnostic task

35
Q

The idea that people often choose clothing or wear symbols that represent who the are to those around them

A

symbolic self completion theory

36
Q

Attempts to enhance the positive aspects and decrease the negative aspects of ones self concept

A

self enhancement

37
Q

Comparing oneself to those who are better off

A

upward social comparison

38
Q

The tendency for people to take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures.

A

self serving attribution bias

39
Q

The tendency for people to create an external obstacle that blocks their own performance so they can blame the poor outcome on this external cause rather than blaming their self.

A

self handicapping

40
Q

Attempts to shift attributions for a negative outcome from internal causes to external causes.

A

excuse making

41
Q

The extent that offers value interacting with an individual and having a relationship with that individual

A

relational value

42
Q

Attempts to put forth a positive and desirable social impression to to others

A

self presentation

43
Q

A study design the demonstrates groups are created from the most minimal of connections

A

minimal group paradigm

44
Q

The preferential treatment toward in group members and hostile or produced treatment toward out group members

A

in group favoritism

45
Q

The idea that we form groups quickly and display in group favoritism because our groups represent a major source of self esteem

A

social identity theory

46
Q

The idea that people cope with the fear of their own mortality by promoting and defending the groups and institutions to which they belong

A

terror management theory

47
Q

The desire to feel similar to others

A

assimilation

48
Q

The desire to feel uniquely special

A

differentiation

49
Q

Feelings that occur when people feel they are low in relational value

A

hurt feelings

50
Q

Peoples capacity to alter their own responses

A

self regulation

51
Q

The ___________ is defined as the tendency for people who are being shocked to exhibit less stress when they think they are in control of the shock, even if they are not.

A

Panic Button Effect

52
Q

According to ___________ theory, autonomy is one of the three “core human motives” that drives behavior.

A

Self-determination

53
Q

Among students, autonomous motivation has been linked to greater conceptual understanding of the course material, greater persistence in academic and sporting activities, better grades, and more creative performances. These findings illustrate how autonomy

A

Produces positive outcomes

54
Q

People high in ___________ feel like the outcomes in their life are caused by their own actions and choices

A

Internal locus of control

55
Q

___________ refers to the tendency for people who feel their freedom is threatened to do exactly the opposite of what was requested.

A

Psychological reactance

56
Q

A number of studies have found that competence is a quality valued

A

in both Western and Eastern cultures.

57
Q

When people adopt a(n) ________, they view the task as an opportunity to prove, rather than improve, their competence.

A

Performance Goal

58
Q

________ theorists believe traits and abilities are fixed and do not change dramatically over one’s lifetime.

A

Entity

59
Q

A subjective state in which people feel completely absorbed and focused on an activity is known as

A

flow

60
Q

According to ________, people tend to take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures.

A

self-serving attributional bias

61
Q

A pervasive drive to form and maintain lasting, positive interpersonal relationships is referred to as the need

A

To belong

62
Q

Anthropologists consistently find that people in every society on the planet belong to small groups that involve personal, face-to-face interactions, and people benefit from these connections regardless of their culture or country. These findings demonstrate that belonging

A

Is universal

63
Q

A neurochemical that plays a role in social affiliation and pair bonding among animals and humans is known as

A

oxytocin

64
Q

The idea that self-esteem acts like a psychological gauge that monitors our relational value and the quality of our relationships is known as ________ theory.

A

sociometer

65
Q

Once groups are created in experimental settings, people start to show preferential treatment toward those in their group and hostile treatment towards those not in their group. This pattern is called•

A

in-group favoritism

66
Q

According to ___________, people are more likely to pursue a goal when expectancy and value are high and less likely when they are low.

A

Expectancy-Value Theory

67
Q

Goal ___________ refers to how precisely someone defines a goal.

A

specificity

68
Q

Thought to reside in the left side of the frontal lobe, the ___________ system regulates an organism’s sensitivity to rewards.

A

Behavioral activation

69
Q

In the ___________ phase, individuals engage in goal-directed behaviors

A

Actional

70
Q

Goal ___________ occurs whenever we have two competing or mutually exclusive goals.

A

Conflict

motivation (2 decks)

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