test 1 Flashcards
_______________ is a neurosurgical procedure that servers connections to the prefrontal cortex.
Lobotomy
_____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.
goal
Where does the word motivation derive from?
motive
Motive is derived from the latin word ___________ meaning to move.
motus
____________ is the underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior.
motivation
_____________ is starting a goal directed behavior
initiation
_______________ is the amount of resources expended to carry out a goal directed behavior.
intensity
_______________ is the continuing expenditure of energy until a goal directed behavior is completed.
persistance
____________ refers to likely to struggle with aggression, criminality, sexual promiscuity, mental health disorders, eating disorders, academic failures, personal relationship failures, alcoholism, obesity, and substance dependence.
self control
_______________ is the idea that humans are motivated to pursue pleasure and avoid pain.
hedonism
_____________ was aristotle’s principle that all things are best in moderation
golden mean
___________ was aristotles theory that explanations of cause or movement can be categorized into four types.
four causes
_______________ is something apart from the focal target that caused the target to change or move.
efficient cause
_____________ is the physical material that comprises the focal target.
material cause
_______________ is the arrangement of shape or focal target.
formal cause
______________ is the aim or purpose being served by the focal target.
final cause
____________ is a word refered to emotions
passion
____________ is the happiness that results from the attainment of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions.
hedonic happiness
_____________ is the happiness that results from living a life that has meaning and that allows people to develop into the best version of themselves.
eudaemonic happiness
_______________ is the idea that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.
mind body dualism
____________ is the desire for material wealth and possessions.
materialism
_______________ is the idea behavior results from the joint function of ones perceived likelihood the the behavior will be successful and the perceived desirability of the outcome.
expectancy value theory
____________ is the philosophical idea that humans are all born without inherent ideas urges or knowledge.
blank slate
_________________ is the sacrifice of short term rewards in order to gain long term rewards.
delay of gratification
_____________ is the idea that experience is the only way to gain knowledge.
empiricism
______________ are emotions that are directly caused by feelings of pleasure and pain
direct passions
______________ are emotions that are indirectly caused by beliefs associated with the object that is producing the pleasure or pain
indirect passions
_____________ is the idea that the utility of a particular course of actions is determined by how much it maximizes happiness and reduces suffering.
utilitarianism
___________ is a mathematical algorithm that computes the utility of a particular course of action.
felicific calculus
___________ is the ability of an agent to make choices free from constraints
will
____________ is the idea that increasing task difficulty automatically increases the amount of effort an individual will devote to the task
Difficulty law of motivation
____________ is the belief that all events are determined by previously existing causes.
determinism
____________ us a innate predisposition to approach or avoid a particular outcome.
instinct
_____________ is the process whereby the existence or extinction of a species is determined by whether its features promote survival
natural selection
______________ is involuntary instantaneous movements that occur in response to a specific stimulus.
reflexes
______________ is a form of arousal or energy that arises whenever a biological need is deprived.
drive
___________ are objects or events that reduce drive
primary reinforcers
____________ is a personality test that assess motivation by asking people to spontaneously write a short story about an ambiguous picture.
Thematic apperception test
____________ is a school of thought that asserts scientists can only accurately study what is directly observable.
behaviorism
___________ is an external stimuli that motivate an organism to perform a particular behavior.
incentives
____________ principle that states of the several responses made in a situation those responses that are closely followed by an incentive will be more associated with that situation than other responses.
thorndikes law of effect
____________ is a maze in a organisms mind
cognitive map
____________ are motives that guides human behavior.
core human behavior
____________ are internal sources of pressure that push a individual to adopt a particular goal.
needs
______________ needs based on physiological requirements necessary for survival.
physiological needs
______________ the boys system to regulate and stable the internal environment
homeostacis
________________ is the assertion that the three core human motives are need for autonomy need for competence and need for belonging.
self determination theory
_____________ are variables that reflect the process that connects two other variables of interests.
mediators
______________ is performing a behavior because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable.
intrinsic motivation
_______________ is a behavior to gain some external reason or reward.
extrinsic behavior
____________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personally endorsed values
internalization
______________ is the idea that the initial motivation for a behavior may become separated from the actual behavior over time.
functional autonomy of motives
_______________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personality endorsed values.
internalization
One of the most important features of the human brain is the ability to_________
Anticipate the future
Without a prefrontal lobe, humans would live in a permanent____________.
preasent
A ____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.
goal
The underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior is called_____________.
motivation
In the 3 step process to achieving a goal the third step involves___________.
initiating and persisting goal directed action
In platos tripartite theory appetitive desires include ___________.
sex hunger thirst
The ___________ were a school of philosophers who believed that emotions are destructive motivational force.
stoics
Augustine disagreed with the stoics perception of emotions; Augustine argued that ___________
all emotions are a choice or will
Aquinas identified ____________ passions as the lustful passions that reflect basic desires to pursue good things and avoid bad things
concupisible
Decartes created the first systematic account of ____________ which states that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.
mind body dualism
Mcdougall believed that instincts influence our ___________ by selectively focusing our attention toward particular objects.
cognitions
Freud proposed 3 types of drives that motivate behavior.. __________, ____________ and __________
sex drive death drive self preservation drive
During the cognitive revolution of the 1970s motivation was often discussed under the term social motivation, which reflected the growing influence of ___________ psychology.
social
___________ studied on the nurture side
john locke
___________ came up with nature vs nurture
hobbles
__________ came up with the partite theory of motivation
Plato
What are the 4 types of emotions?
desire, fear pleasure, pain
