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motivation > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ is a neurosurgical procedure that servers connections to the prefrontal cortex.

A

Lobotomy

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2
Q

_____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.

A

goal

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3
Q

Where does the word motivation derive from?

A

motive

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4
Q

Motive is derived from the latin word ___________ meaning to move.

A

motus

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5
Q

____________ is the underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior.

A

motivation

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6
Q

_____________ is starting a goal directed behavior

A

initiation

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7
Q

_______________ is the amount of resources expended to carry out a goal directed behavior.

A

intensity

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8
Q

_______________ is the continuing expenditure of energy until a goal directed behavior is completed.

A

persistance

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9
Q

____________ refers to likely to struggle with aggression, criminality, sexual promiscuity, mental health disorders, eating disorders, academic failures, personal relationship failures, alcoholism, obesity, and substance dependence.

A

self control

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10
Q

_______________ is the idea that humans are motivated to pursue pleasure and avoid pain.

A

hedonism

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11
Q

_____________ was aristotle’s principle that all things are best in moderation

A

golden mean

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12
Q

___________ was aristotles theory that explanations of cause or movement can be categorized into four types.

A

four causes

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13
Q

_______________ is something apart from the focal target that caused the target to change or move.

A

efficient cause

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14
Q

_____________ is the physical material that comprises the focal target.

A

material cause

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15
Q

_______________ is the arrangement of shape or focal target.

A

formal cause

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16
Q

______________ is the aim or purpose being served by the focal target.

A

final cause

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17
Q

____________ is a word refered to emotions

A

passion

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18
Q

____________ is the happiness that results from the attainment of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions.

A

hedonic happiness

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19
Q

_____________ is the happiness that results from living a life that has meaning and that allows people to develop into the best version of themselves.

A

eudaemonic happiness

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20
Q

_______________ is the idea that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.

A

mind body dualism

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21
Q

____________ is the desire for material wealth and possessions.

A

materialism

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22
Q

_______________ is the idea behavior results from the joint function of ones perceived likelihood the the behavior will be successful and the perceived desirability of the outcome.

A

expectancy value theory

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23
Q

____________ is the philosophical idea that humans are all born without inherent ideas urges or knowledge.

A

blank slate

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24
Q

_________________ is the sacrifice of short term rewards in order to gain long term rewards.

A

delay of gratification

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25
Q

_____________ is the idea that experience is the only way to gain knowledge.

A

empiricism

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26
Q

______________ are emotions that are directly caused by feelings of pleasure and pain

A

direct passions

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27
Q

______________ are emotions that are indirectly caused by beliefs associated with the object that is producing the pleasure or pain

A

indirect passions

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28
Q

_____________ is the idea that the utility of a particular course of actions is determined by how much it maximizes happiness and reduces suffering.

A

utilitarianism

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29
Q

___________ is a mathematical algorithm that computes the utility of a particular course of action.

A

felicific calculus

30
Q

___________ is the ability of an agent to make choices free from constraints

A

will

31
Q

____________ is the idea that increasing task difficulty automatically increases the amount of effort an individual will devote to the task

A

Difficulty law of motivation

32
Q

____________ is the belief that all events are determined by previously existing causes.

A

determinism

33
Q

____________ us a innate predisposition to approach or avoid a particular outcome.

A

instinct

34
Q

_____________ is the process whereby the existence or extinction of a species is determined by whether its features promote survival

A

natural selection

35
Q

______________ is involuntary instantaneous movements that occur in response to a specific stimulus.

A

reflexes

36
Q

______________ is a form of arousal or energy that arises whenever a biological need is deprived.

A

drive

37
Q

___________ are objects or events that reduce drive

A

primary reinforcers

38
Q

____________ is a personality test that assess motivation by asking people to spontaneously write a short story about an ambiguous picture.

A

Thematic apperception test

39
Q

____________ is a school of thought that asserts scientists can only accurately study what is directly observable.

A

behaviorism

40
Q

___________ is an external stimuli that motivate an organism to perform a particular behavior.

A

incentives

41
Q

____________ principle that states of the several responses made in a situation those responses that are closely followed by an incentive will be more associated with that situation than other responses.

A

thorndikes law of effect

42
Q

____________ is a maze in a organisms mind

A

cognitive map

43
Q

____________ are motives that guides human behavior.

A

core human behavior

44
Q

____________ are internal sources of pressure that push a individual to adopt a particular goal.

A

needs

45
Q

______________ needs based on physiological requirements necessary for survival.

A

physiological needs

46
Q

______________ the boys system to regulate and stable the internal environment

A

homeostacis

47
Q

________________ is the assertion that the three core human motives are need for autonomy need for competence and need for belonging.

A

self determination theory

48
Q

_____________ are variables that reflect the process that connects two other variables of interests.

A

mediators

49
Q

______________ is performing a behavior because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable.

A

intrinsic motivation

50
Q

_______________ is a behavior to gain some external reason or reward.

A

extrinsic behavior

51
Q

____________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personally endorsed values

A

internalization

52
Q

______________ is the idea that the initial motivation for a behavior may become separated from the actual behavior over time.

A

functional autonomy of motives

53
Q

_______________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personality endorsed values.

A

internalization

54
Q

One of the most important features of the human brain is the ability to_________

A

Anticipate the future

55
Q

Without a prefrontal lobe, humans would live in a permanent____________.

A

preasent

56
Q

A ____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.

A

goal

57
Q

The underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior is called_____________.

A

motivation

58
Q

In the 3 step process to achieving a goal the third step involves___________.

A

initiating and persisting goal directed action

59
Q

In platos tripartite theory appetitive desires include ___________.

A

sex hunger thirst

60
Q

The ___________ were a school of philosophers who believed that emotions are destructive motivational force.

A

stoics

61
Q

Augustine disagreed with the stoics perception of emotions; Augustine argued that ___________

A

all emotions are a choice or will

62
Q

Aquinas identified ____________ passions as the lustful passions that reflect basic desires to pursue good things and avoid bad things

A

concupisible

63
Q

Decartes created the first systematic account of ____________ which states that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.

A

mind body dualism

64
Q

Mcdougall believed that instincts influence our ___________ by selectively focusing our attention toward particular objects.

A

cognitions

65
Q

Freud proposed 3 types of drives that motivate behavior.. __________, ____________ and __________

A

sex drive death drive self preservation drive

66
Q

During the cognitive revolution of the 1970s motivation was often discussed under the term social motivation, which reflected the growing influence of ___________ psychology.

A

social

67
Q

___________ studied on the nurture side

A

john locke

68
Q

___________ came up with nature vs nurture

A

hobbles

69
Q

__________ came up with the partite theory of motivation

A

Plato

70
Q

What are the 4 types of emotions?

A

desire, fear pleasure, pain

motivation (2 decks)

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