test 2 Flashcards
After imposed retirement from Roman politics, Cicero took up writing
philosophical treates
Among the dangerous military innovations of Marius threatening the Republic was his
Recruitment of destitute volunteers who swore an oath of allegiance only to him.
As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as
proconsuls and propraetors.
For the Romans, Italy’s geography
made Rome a natural crossroads and an area easy to defend.
In Roman household cults, Janus was
the spirit of the doorway.
In Rome, the male family head could
arrange the marriages of all offspring.
sell his children.
divorce his wife.
put his children to death.
In their struggle with the patricians, Roman plebeians employed which of the following tactics:
assassination of political opponents
the formation of popular assemblies to lobby for more political reforms
It can best be said that Roman imperial expansion was
highly opportunistic, responding to unanticipated military threats and possibilities for glory.
Roman legend identifies twin brothers Romulus and Remus as the founders of Rome.
true
Roman traditionally associated the rape of Lucretia and its alleged consequences with
the establishment of the era of the Republic.
the model of Roman womanhood and virtue.
the end of Rome’s control by monarchs.
the end of the Etruscan domination of Rome.
Sulla’s legacy and importance was that he
employed his personal army in political disputes, paving the way toward Roman civil war.
The head of the Roman religious observances was
the pontifex maximus.
The Latin alphabet was a modification of the Etruscan alphabet.
true
The main achievement of the Hortensian law in Roman constitutional history was its
ruling that all plebiscita passed by the plebeian assembly had the force of law and were binding even upon the patricians.
The people to the north of Rome who apparently ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced Roman urban culture were the
Etruscans.
The Roman senator who led the movement for the complete destruction of Carthage was
cato
Which of the following statements about marriage best captures the realities for Roman women by the first century B.C.E.?
they remained legally the property of their fathers
Which of the following statements best applies to Roman education:
The wealthy classes wanted training in Greek and mastery of rhetoric, or persuasive public speaking, for their children.
The Etruscan alphabet was derived from the
greeks
All of the following occurred during the reigns of the five “good emperors” except for
the halting of imperial bureaucratic growth.
Among Augustus’s key innovations in Roman provincial rule was his
division of Roman provinces into those ruled directly by the princeps and the senatorial provinces administered by the Senate
Among Augustus’s most important actions in the area of Roman religion was his
creation of an imperial cult
Augustus added more territory to the Roman Empire than any other single Roman in its history.
true
Augustus’s social legislation
made adultery a criminal offense and outlawed wasteful expenditures for feasts
Christianity spread very slowly and remained a minority religion in the Roman Empire by the end of the first century C.E.
true
Concerning social classes during early Roman Empire,
the power of the equestrian class was expanded.
During the Early Empire (14-180 C.E.), the Roman army
was increased to 400,000 men
Imperial Rome’s gladiatorial shows
were government-backed spectacles used to content the masses
In the city of Rome, the poor were housed in massive apartment blocks known as “villas.”
false
One of the famous jurists of the Early Empire responsible for completing the basic natural rights principles vital to the Western world was
Ulpian
The absolute monarchical powers of Augustus as princeps led to
is great popularity, as he followed proper legal forms for his power.
led to the perception that he co-ruled with the senate
the decline of popular participation in elections.
the usual victory of his candidates in official elections.
The early values of Christianity, as exemplified in Jesus’ “sermon on the mount,”
emphasized devotion to the values of humility, charity, and true brotherly love
The event that curtailed Augustus’s expansionist policies was
the defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest.
The first of the Flavian emperors was
Vespasian
The largest area of Roman innovation in architecture was
the use of concrete on a massive scale.
The last great persecution of Christians was ordered by
Diocletian
The most important figure in early Christianity after Jesus was
Paul
The praetorian guard came to play an important role in making and deposing emperors.
true
The Roman praetorian guards were
elite troops given the task of protecting the emperor
The Senate granted Octavian the titles Augustus and imperator (emperor), but he preferred to be addressed as
princeps
When Augustus died, who chose his successor?
Augustus himself
Which of the following argued that women should be subservient to men?
Paul
Which of the following trends developed during the reigns of the Julio-Claudian emperors?
Emperors took more and more actual ruling power away from the old Senate
After Constantine’s death, the Roman Empire began to divide into western and eastern parts and by the end of the fourth century had become virtually two independent states.
true
Augustine’s Confessions was written as
an account of his own miraculous personal conversion
Augustine wrote which one of the following books?
The city of God
In 597, Pope Gregory the Great sent which of the following to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons?
Augustine
In Germanic society wergeld
developed as an alternative to acts of revenge for injury
Irish monasticism from the sixth through eighth centuries tended to be highly
ascetic
Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur’an, and regulating all aspects of Muslim life. This law code is called
Sha’ria
Muslims regard Muhammad as a Prophet but not as divine.
True
Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following except
writing The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
The basic rule for western monastic living was developed by
Benedict
The Edict of Milan
was Constantine’s document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.
The founder of the Frankish kingdom and the first royal Frankish defender of the Catholic faith was
Clovis
The Germans believed that the ordeal
could reveal the truth by showing which party God favored in a dispute
The greatest difference between Irish Christianity and Roman Christianity was in
Irish church organization, giving Irish abbots more power than bishops
The pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome was
Leo I
The primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe was
monasticism
The title “vicars of Christ” has traditionally been given to the
Bishops of Rome
The withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain enabled
Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle
Western monasticism was characterized by
a balance of study, work, and prayer
After the death of Louis the Pious
an incessant struggle between Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and their heirs over disputed territories weakened the Carolingian word.
A vassal’s primary loyalty was to the local church bishop rather than his secular lord.
false
Charlemagne’s Carolingian Renaissance was characterized by
looking to Italy for inspiration and keeping the Classical heritage alive.
Charlemagne’s most disappointing military campaign came against the
Basques
In feudal Europe, a manor was
an agricultural estate owned by a lord and worked by peasants
Initially, the greatest effect of the church on Frankish marriage
was to limit sexual license and concubinage
In the Middle Ages, monastic hospitality to travelers was
a sacred duty
In feudal Europe, a vassal was a man who
served another as a warrior
In feudal Europe, a serf was a man who
was bound to the land as a farmer
Regarding sexuality, the Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages
was unable to enforce clerical celibacy
Socially and culturally, the church’s advocacy of indissoluble marriage resulted in
the development of the nuclear family at the expense of the extended family.
The Carolingian monks
preserved the world of classical latin authors through their copying of manuscripts
The coronation of Charlemagne in 800 as emperor of the Romans
symbolized the fusion of Roman, Germanic, and Christian cultures.
The English king who helped establish a unified Anglo-Saxon monarchy by defeating the Danish army was
Alfred the Great
The expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne
was most successful against the German tribes to the east.
The first Frankish king to be anointed in holy ceremony by an agent of the pope was
Pepin
The lord-vassal relationship in the Germanic practice of medieval Europe
was an honorable relationship between free men
The missi dominici were officials that Charlemagne used to
ensure his counts were following his wishes.
The ruthless Russian leader responsible for tying Russian political and religious ideals to the Byzantine Empire was
Vladimir
The Slavic people of the Rus were best known for
founding the state that became known as Russia
The Treaty of Verdun in 843
divided the Carolingian empire
Which of the following was a similarity between Christian and pagan medical practices in the Early Middle Ages?
In both periods, magical rites, charms, and amulets were used.
Who wrote The Life of Charlemagne, an account of Charlemagne’s achievements?
Einhard
By 1100 charters of liberties granted townspeople such privileges as
written urban law that guaranteed their freedom.
By the twelfth century, divorce among nobles was
not possible except through official recognition that a marriage had never been valid.
Combative tournaments involving knights
were considered by knights to be excellent and necessary training for warfare.
In medieval thought, women were considered
by nature subservient and lesser beings than men.
In northern European countries, the most common drink of the medieval peasant was
ALE
In the High Middle Ages, European society was dominated by the aristocracy, best described as
“men of war”
Marriages among the aristocracy of the High Middle Ages
were expected to establish political alliances between families and increase their wealth.
Medieval university instruction
used the lecture method
Much of the surplus resources of medieval urban society went into
the construction of castles and churches reflecting its basic preoccupations, warfare and God
One consequence of the new agriculture of the Early Middle Ages was
the destruction of the forests
Students in medieval universities
They often engaged in quarrels with one another and in confrontations with townspeople.
The basic staple of the peasant diet was
bread
The church figure who tried to reconcile faith with reason in his Summa Theologica was
Thomas aquinas
The curriculum of the medieval university
consisted of the trivium and quadrivium.
The dominant style of the church architecture in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was
Romanesque.
The dramatic increases in European population between 1000 and 1300
An increased birth rate outstripping relatively high medieval mortality rates.
The first university in northern Europe was
Paris
The high number of fights and accidents described in medieval court records may plausibly be attributed to
the high consumption of alcohol.
The main part of the medieval castle was called the
keep.
The primary preoccupation of scholasticism was
the reconciliation of faith with reason.
The “new agriculture” of the High Middle Age
was in part brought about by a change from the two-field to the three-field system
The windmill and the watermill were the most important methods for the harnessing of power before the invention of the coal-driven steam engine of the eighteenth century.
true
Troubadour poetry was chiefly concerned with
the courtly love of nobles, knights, and ladies.
Which of the following brought peasants into contact with the village church?
holidays.
religious feasts.
baptism.
Mass.
Which of the following was NOT used as a source of power by medieval farmers?
coal
