Test 2 Flashcards
Structural ambiguity
How words are grouped is ambiguous - more intelligent leaders
Cleft sentence test
It is/was x that y
Ex. It is the desk into the hall that the people will move. NO
it is the boy with red hair that I met. YES
Oblique
The subject or object of a prepositional phrase
Dative
Indirect object
Linguistic meaning
Social or affective meaning
Referencial meaning
The actual person/thing ex. Barack Obama
Sense meaning
Ex. Barack OR the 44th President
Hyponymy
Relationship. Superordinate term (dog) and subordinate terms/hyponyms (poodle, lab, etc)
Metonymy
Part/whole relationship
Ex. Face/mouth
Polysemy
Meanings are related literally or metaphorically
Ex. Bright and bright
Homonymy
Same word but meanings are not related
Ex. Bat and bat
Homophony
Same pronunciation, different spelling
Ex. Tail tale
Analytical truth
Definitely true based on word meaning. A bachelor is an unmarried man.
Contradictory truth
Untrue. A bachelor is a married man.
Synthetic truth
May or may not be true. Need more info. My neighbor is a bachelor.
Presupposition
What can be assumed or must be true based on the sentence
Entailment
The more specific entails the more general. Ex. Fred fried the fish. Fred cooked the fish.
Epistemical modality
Makes an assertion, but not 100% sure. Probably or possibly.
Deontic modality
Express obligation, permission, suggestion ex. Must may should
Agent
Initiator of an action
Patient
Affected by the verb, change of state
Experiencers
Not an agent. Physical or mental sensation. Christina likes pancakes.
Instruments and clauses
Injured BY a stone or WITH a stone
Recipient
Receives a physical object
