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Linguistic theory > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Arbitrary sign

A

Words and what they mean is generally arbitrary, such as green means go

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2
Q

Representational signs

A

Basically arbitrary, but partly iconic ex. Roman numerals

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3
Q

Prescriptive grammar

A

What not to do

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4
Q

Descriptive grammar

A

What to do

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5
Q

Mental grammar

A

The rule

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6
Q

Linguistic competence

A

Resides in your mind

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7
Q

Linguistic performance

A

Resides in your speech

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8
Q

Morphology

A

The study of word formation

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9
Q

Phonology

A

The study of the sound system of a language

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10
Q

Pragmática

A

Context and making meaning

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11
Q

Discreetness

A

Sound segments (discrete, separate sounds, not necessarily letters)

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12
Q

Recursion

A

Incorporating structures within similar linguistic structures

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13
Q

Production/creativity

A

Ability to generate and understand an infinite number of sentences

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14
Q

Lexical category

A

Part of speech

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15
Q

Morphemes

A

Word parts with meaning or function

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16
Q

Inflectional morpheme

A

Bound, creates variant forms of a word to mark its syntactic function in a sentence ex. Tall - taller or kick - kicks

17
Q

Derivational morpheme

A

Changes word class or meaning

18
Q

The 8 inflectional morphemes

A 
S -plural (nominal)
S -possessive (nominal)
S -third person singular (verbal)
Ed - past tense (verbal)
Ing - present progressive (verbal)
En - past participle (verbal)
Er - comparative (adj adverbial)
Est - superlative (adj adverbial)
19
Q

Circumfixes

A

Morphemes that occur in 2 parts, one on each side of the stem (not in English)

20
Q

Allomorphs

A

Same morpheme, different pronunciation

21
Q

Affixes

A

Adding morphemes to make new words ex. Blog to blogger

22
Q

Reduplication

A

Repeating a morpheme ex. Like like

23
Q

Compounds

A

2 words together or hyphenated or a space like snail mail

24
Q

Shortening

A

Info, feds, gen eds

25
Q

Initialisms

A

Pronounce each letter like GPA

26
Q

Blends

A

Motel, infomercial, smog

27
Q

Back formation

A

Edit came from editor

28
Q

Conversion/functional shift

A

Changes part of speech without change in form. Ex. Update as a verb or noun

29
Q

Semantic shift

A

Ex. Mouse animal vs mouse computer tool

30
Q

Borrowing

A

Taking works from other languages

31
Q

Inventing

A

Making new words from scratch

32
Q

Isolating morphology

A

Each word is a single morpheme

33
Q

Agglutinating morphology

A

Words can have several prefixes and suffixes that can be segmented into parts

34
Q

Inflectional morphology

A

Large inventory of inflectional morphemes

35
Q

Allomorphs

A

Alternate pronunciations of a morpheme

36
Q

Phonetics

A

The sounds of a language

37
Q

Articulating phonetics

A

Focuses on human vocal approaches *production

38
Q

Acoustic phonetics

A

Studies the sound waves *what you hear

Linguistic theory (2 decks)

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