Test 1

Question 1

Arbitrary sign

Answer 1

Words and what they mean is generally arbitrary, such as green means go

Question 2

Representational signs

Answer 2

Basically arbitrary, but partly iconic ex. Roman numerals

Question 3

Prescriptive grammar

Answer 3

What not to do

Question 4

Descriptive grammar

Answer 4

What to do

Question 5

Mental grammar

Answer 5

The rule

Question 6

Linguistic competence

Answer 6

Resides in your mind

Question 7

Linguistic performance

Answer 7

Resides in your speech

Question 8

Morphology

Answer 8

The study of word formation

Question 9

Phonology

Answer 9

The study of the sound system of a language

Question 10

Pragmática

Answer 10

Context and making meaning

Question 11

Discreetness

Answer 11

Sound segments (discrete, separate sounds, not necessarily letters)

Question 12

Recursion

Answer 12

Incorporating structures within similar linguistic structures

Question 13

Production/creativity

Answer 13

Ability to generate and understand an infinite number of sentences

Question 14

Lexical category

Answer 14

Part of speech

Question 15

Morphemes

Answer 15

Word parts with meaning or function

Question 16

Inflectional morpheme

Answer 16

Bound, creates variant forms of a word to mark its syntactic function in a sentence ex. Tall - taller or kick - kicks

Question 17

Derivational morpheme

Answer 17

Changes word class or meaning

Question 18

The 8 inflectional morphemes

Answer 18

S -plural (nominal)
S -possessive (nominal)
S -third person singular (verbal)
Ed - past tense (verbal)
Ing - present progressive (verbal)
En - past participle (verbal)
Er - comparative (adj adverbial)
Est - superlative (adj adverbial)

Question 19

Circumfixes

Answer 19

Morphemes that occur in 2 parts, one on each side of the stem (not in English)

Question 20

Allomorphs

Answer 20

Same morpheme, different pronunciation

Question 21

Affixes

Answer 21

Adding morphemes to make new words ex. Blog to blogger

Question 22

Reduplication

Answer 22

Repeating a morpheme ex. Like like

Question 23

Compounds

Answer 23

2 words together or hyphenated or a space like snail mail

Question 24

Shortening

Answer 24

Info, feds, gen eds

Question 25

Initialisms

Answer 25

Pronounce each letter like GPA

Question 26

Blends

Answer 26

Motel, infomercial, smog

Question 27

Back formation

Answer 27

Edit came from editor

Question 28

Conversion/functional shift

Answer 28

Changes part of speech without change in form. Ex. Update as a verb or noun

Question 29

Semantic shift

Answer 29

Ex. Mouse animal vs mouse computer tool

Question 30

Borrowing

Answer 30

Taking works from other languages

Question 31

Inventing

Answer 31

Making new words from scratch

Question 32

Isolating morphology

Answer 32

Each word is a single morpheme

Question 33

Agglutinating morphology

Answer 33

Words can have several prefixes and suffixes that can be segmented into parts

Question 34

Inflectional morphology

Answer 34

Large inventory of inflectional morphemes

Question 35

Allomorphs

Answer 35

Alternate pronunciations of a morpheme

Question 36

Phonetics

Answer 36

The sounds of a language

Question 37

Articulating phonetics

Answer 37

Focuses on human vocal approaches *production

Question 38

Acoustic phonetics

Answer 38

Studies the sound waves *what you hear