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Civil Rights > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ralph David Abernathy

A

Montgomery Preacher who came up with the name Montgomery Improvement Society. He helped write up the demands for the Bus Boycott, and was a close friend and adviser to King even attempting to bail him out and telling him his house had been bombed. He was a founding member of the SCLC and had his own house bombed.

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2
Q

Ross Barnett

A

Governor of Mississippi who was a staunch segregationist and blamed the news media for over-publicizing racial strife. He defied a federal order to desegregate Ole Miss which led to the Ole Miss crisis.

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3
Q

Dr. William “W.G.” Anderson

A

Doctor who became a leader in the Albany movement after being prevented from treating patients.

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4
Q

James Armstrong

A

The man who carried the flag on bloody Sunday and would not let it touch the ground despite being beaten

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5
Q

Ella Baker

A

Was a leader in the SCLC and the sit in movement. She believed that students should lead the charge and organized the Youth Leadership Meeting to galvanize youth activism.

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6
Q

James Bevel

A

Prolific civil rights activist who was active first in the Nashville sit ins and freedom rides and then with the SCLC as director of Direct Action and nonviolent education where he planned and executed some of their most successful activities.

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7
Q

Addie Mae Collins

A

One of the Birmingham 4

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8
Q

Denise McNair

A

One of the Birmingham 4

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9
Q

Carole Robertson

A

One of the Birmingham 4

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10
Q

Cynthia Wesley

A

One of the Birmingham 4

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11
Q

Asa Carter

A

A speechwriter for George Wallace. He was one of the most violent and extreme white supremacists in the South and was a leader in the KKK. He was involved in the kidnapping and torture of Edward Aaron and wrote Wallace’s famous Segregation inaugural address.

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12
Q

Robert “Dynamite Bob” Chambliss

A

Radical segregationist and terrorist who was responsible for the bombing of 16th street baptist church and the death of the 4 little girls. He set off dozens of other bombs and was closely tied to Asa Carter

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13
Q

Eugene “Bull” Connor

A

Birmingham Commissioner of public safety famous for his violent response to civil rights. He first became a foil for Civil rights when he arrested members of the freedom rides and Shuttlsworth.

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14
Q

Rev. John Cross

A

Pastor at 16th street baptist church during the bombing.

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15
Q

John Doar

A

Lawyer who worked for Robert Kennedy and witnessed the violence against the Freedom Riders in Montgomery

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16
Q

Ralph Brown Draughon

A

President of Auburn University during the desegregation of the school

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17
Q

Medgar Evers

A

Civil rights activist and NAACP Field Secretary in Mississippi who was shot and killed on the evening of Kennedy’s civil rights address.

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18
Q

James Farmer

A

The National Director of CORE. He put out the public call for the start of the Freedom Rides and was a passionate and articulate activist. He gave the SNCC students permission to start the Freedom Rides and sit-ins.

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19
Q

James Forman

A

SNCC executive secretary. Seen as more militant than John Lewis. He successfully brokered a compromise between the direct action and voter registration factions of SNCC.

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20
Q

Harold Alonza Franklin

A

The first black student at Auburn University. He was given his own isolated wing in magnolia hall and people did their best to disturb him. He did not complete his degree at Auburn.

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21
Q

Robert Graetz

A

White preacher and friend of Rosa Parks who accompanied her to Highlander Folk School and drove cars for blacks during the boycott. He was nearly killed in the Montgomery bombing attack on his home.

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22
Q

James Hood

A

One of two black student to desegregate Bama. He did not graduate from Bama.

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23
Q

Bernice Johnson

A

Founder of the SNCC Freedom signers and leader in the Albany Movement

24
Q

Judge Frank Johnson

A

US District Judge who brought in a panel of judges and ruled on the Montgomery Boycott Case in favor of the blacks. He was a law school classmate of Wallace. He forced Wallace to had over voting records and threatened to throw him in jail if he didn’t.

25
Q

President John F. Kennedy

A

Attorney General during the 1960s

26
Q

Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy

A

President during the Early 1960s

27
Q

Martin Luther King, Jr.

A

Leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and leading Icon of the Civil Rights movement.

28
Q

James Lawson

A

Methodist Minister and Pacifist leader from Ohio who studied non-violence in India. He moved to Nashville at the urging of King and did non-violence workshops for student groups.

29
Q

John Lewis

A

Chairman of the Student non-violent coordinating committee. He was the youngest of the big time civil rights leaders and one of the most militant.

30
Q

Vivian Malone

A

One of two black students to ingrate bama and the first black graduate.

31
Q

Floyd Mann

A

Alabama director of Public Safety. He agreed to provide an escort for the Freedom Rides through Alabama along with Governor Patterson. He saved the freedom riders from a man in Montgomery.

32
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

Legendary NAACP attorney who was educated at Howard and the attorney for Brown V Board as well as many other cases that challenged segregation. He also represented Law School student Bruce Boynton after he was arrested for seeking service in a white restaurant.

33
Q

James Meredith

A

First African American to attend the University of Mississippi. It caused the Old Miss Crisis

34
Q

William L. Moore

A

White man from Baltimore and a CORE member started a march across the south promoting racial equality but was murdered in Gadsden Alabama. Diane Nash Bevel and others tried to complete his march but were repeatedly jailed and threatened.

35
Q

Bob Moses

A

Harvard trained mathematician from Harlem who was inspired by the sit ins and later led the voter registration drives in rural Mississippi.

36
Q

Diane Nash

A

Student from Fisk University who went through Lawson’s non-violence training. She confronted the Mayor of Nashville and got him to support desegregation and she led the later stages of the Freedom Rides despite pressure from the Kennedy Administration to stop.

37
Q

Alabama Governor John Patterson

A

Governor who staunchly opposed desegregation in Alabama.

38
Q

Jim Peck

A

Activist who was mercilessly beaten by a mob in Birmingham during the freedom rides.

39
Q

Laurie Pritchett

A

Crafty police chief in Albany Georgia who outfoxed King and the SCLC by not responding to protests with violence and making it impossible for them to fill the jails by farming them out to other communities. He out non-violenced them.

40
Q

A. Philip Randolph

A

Founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and a leader in the Double V campaign and threatened a March on Washington which successfully pressured President Roosevelt to Desegregate federal contracting.

41
Q

Frank Rose

A

President of Bama during desegregation

42
Q

Bayard Rustin

A

Activist who encourage King to use Gandhian language and techniques. He was a leader in CORE and helped organize youth marches and the freedom rides. He is most notable for organizing the march on Washington but he has largely been written out of history due to his homosexuality.

43
Q

John Seigenthaler

A

Assistant to John Doar. He was knocked unconscious while protecting Susan Wilbur from a mob in Montgomery. He later went on to be the editor of the Nashville Tennessean

44
Q

Charles Sherrod

A

SNCC activist who led voter registration drives in south Georgia and helped lead the Albany Movement.

45
Q

Fred Shuttlesworth

A

Founding member of the SCLC and activist in Birmingham. He survived multiple bombing attempts and was a fearless warrior for the movement. He was instrumental in both the freedom rides and the sit-ins

46
Q

C.T. Vivian

A

Older minister and activist who was involved in both the Nashville sit-ins and the freedom rides

47
Q

Wyatt Tee Walker

A

King’s right hand man. He was intelligent but could often be condescending and dismissive. He looked down on SNCC and used some choice profanity when King started in on his I have a dream speech.

48
Q

Virgil Ware

A

Boy who was shot and killed by two teenage whites in Birmingham in the days following the 16th street bombings

49
Q

Roy Wilkins

A

President of the NAACP from 1955-77. He was criticized for being too cautious and anti-communist by many grassroots activists

50
Q

Bob Zellner

A

White civil rights activist from Mobile who debated George Wallace at Harvard University

51
Q

Jim Zwerg

A

White student at Fisk who was one of the first freedom riders. He had his back broken by a Klansman in Montgomery.

52
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A

The oldest of the organizations it was seen as weak and out of step by many. It focused more on litigation than direct action.

53
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

A

Founded by King and other religious leader out of the Montgomery Improvement Association it was a male driven christian organization

54
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

A

Founded by students with the help of Ella Baker. It was led by John Lewis and was the most aggressive of the mainline Civil Rights Organizations.

55
Q

Federal Bureau of Investigation

A

Led by J. Edgar Hoover they actively worked to undermine Civil Rights, particularly King.

56
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Working class white supremacist group that utilized violence to terrorize Civil Rights leaders. Earlier manifestations of the Klan were more concerned with Jews and Catholics than they were Blacks.

57
Q

White Citizens’ Councils

A

Upper Class white supremacist group that was referred to as the Country Club Klan. It tended to utilize more passive resistance and was referred to as the Iron Fist in the velvet glove.

Civil Rights (2 decks)

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