Test 1 Flashcards
Ralph David Abernathy
Montgomery Preacher who came up with the name Montgomery Improvement Society. He helped write up the demands for the Bus Boycott, and was a close friend and adviser to King even attempting to bail him out and telling him his house had been bombed. He was a founding member of the SCLC and had his own house bombed.
Marian Anderson
Anderson had been scheduled to sing at Washington’s Constitution Hall, but the Daughters of the American Revolution, a political organization that helped manage the concert hall, denied her the right to perform because of her race. The first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, resigned her membership from the organization in protest, and Anderson’s alternate performance at the Lincoln Memorial served greatly to raise awareness of the problem of racial discrimination in America.
Ella Baker
Was a leader in the SCLC and the sit in movement. She believed that students should lead the charge and organized the Youth Leadership Meeting to galvanize youth activism.
Daisy Bates
Mentore for the Little Rock 9. They would gather at her house every day and then carpool to school.
Mary McLeod Bethune
National advisor to President Roosevelt and a member of his Black Cabinet.
Ezell Blair, Jr.
One of the Greensboro 4
Tom Brady
Judge Tom P. Brady of Brookhaven, Mississippi, has been called the “intellectual leader” of the Citizens’ Council movement. He wrote the famous Black Monday speech which criticized Brown V Board and was widely read and distributed.
Minnie Jean Brown
One of the Little Rock 9 who got angry with a short white guy described by Earnest Green as a “Yapping dog” and threw her chili on his head. She was expelled and finished her schooling at a private school.
Roy Bryant
One of the Men who murdered Emmett Till after Till allegedly flirted with his wife. He was acquitted by an all white jury. He confessed to the murder by bragging about it later.
Asa Carter
A speechwriter for George Wallace. He was one of the most violent and extreme white supremacists in the South and was a leader in the KKK. He was involved in the kidnapping and torture of Edward Aaron and wrote Wallace’s famous Segregation inaugural address.
Robert Charles
Ida B Wells called him the hero of New Orleans. He was a black man who was wrongly arrested by 3 white officers and shoots one before grabbing a rifle and killing 5 and injuring dozens before being caught, killed and mutilated.
Kenneth Clark
Psychologist who’s research was a large part of Brown Vs Board
Claudette Colvin
Teenage black girl who was arrested for failing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. Nixon chose not to use her to spark the movement because she had cussed out the cops and was pregnant out of wedlock.
Bull Connor
Birmingham Commissioner of public safety famous for his violent response to civil rights. He first became a foil for Civil rights when he arrested members of the freedom rides and Shuttlsworth.
U.S. Congressman Charles C. Diggs, Jr.
Congressman from Detroit who attended Till’s accusers trial and was treated with incredible racism.
John Doar
Lawyer who worked for Robert Kennedy and witnessed the violence against the Freedom Riders in Montgomery
W. E. B. Du Bois
One of the foremost black intellectuals of the early 20th century. He was a foil to Booker T Washington and pushed for a more activist black civil rights movement. He argued for persistent, manly agitation and after WW1 he said “We return from fighting we return fighting”
Clifford Durr
White Montgomery lawyer and activist who bailed Rosa parks out of prison and played a legal role in the Suit against Montgomery
Virginia Durr
Outspoken wife of Clifford Durr.
Elizabeth Eckford
One of the Little Rock 9 who wasn’t told not to go to school by Daisy Bates and walked through a mob to get there. She was helped by Loach.
President Dwight Eisenhower
President who ordered the desegregation of Little Rock Central High and Nationalized the national Guard to enforce the law. He later called appointing Earl Warren to the Court one of his biggest mistakes.
Sam Ervin
North Carolina Senator who was the author of the Southern Manifesto
James Farmer
The National Director of CORE. He put out the public call for the start of the Freedom Rides and was a passionate and articulate activist. He gave the SNCC students permission to start the Freedom Rides and sit-ins.
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus
Governor of Arkansas who was considered a race moderate. Facing re-election he decided to block de-segregation at Little Rock Central High but was forced by the Eisenhower Administration to comply.
James Forman
SNCC executive secretary.
Marcus Garvey
Founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the early 20th century. He fundamentally agreed that the US was a white mans country and called on Blacks across the world to liberate Africa.
Robert Graetz
White preacher and friend of Rosa Parks who accompanied her to Highlander Folk School and drove cars for blacks during the boycott. He was nearly killed in the Montgomery bombing attack on his home.
Ernest Green
The only of the little rock 9 to graduate.
Fred Gray
Montgomery’s preeminent black attorney. He was the principle attorney for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He filed suit against Montgomery demanding full integration of the busses
James Hicks
editor of the Amsterdam news. Was the only representatives of the black press at Little Rock.
