Test 2 Flashcards
what were the intraelcclesial debates over
matter of the empires support, relationship between god and christ, and different opinions over sabellianism, adoptionism, and arius
what is sabellianism
merged the father and the son
adpotionism
inferior son subordinate to the father
what is arius
logos or son was derived from the father son is a part of the created order
what is the council of nicaea
by constantine to make a decree to define the official faith, first ecumenical council, rejected the teachings of arius, affirming antiochene christology
what is homoousios
one substance
who is eusebius
bishop of nicomedia, baptized constantine, believed homoousios is unbiblical and that merging of father and son is nontrinitarian, against athanasius
athanasius
defender of nicene creed, homoiousios instead of homoousios, if christ were not truly god his scarifice could not redeem the corruption. against docetism
who were the cappadocian father
basil of caesarea, gregory of nazianzus, gregory of nyssa, homoousios can either be one substance or one person, one substance in 3 persons
what is the council of constantinople
by theodosius (foe of arianism), nicene creed was reaffirmed, clause on the HS was added, new nicene constnatinpolian creed
what is the modern nicene creed
fundamental christian statement on the nature of the godhead
describe alexandrian theology
platonic, metaphysical unity over classification, ideak over reality, soul over material, allegorical reading of bible, union with human nature in the incarnation
describe antiochene theology
aristotelian, observation, material over soul, emphasis on historical narrative in scripture, christ had a divine and human nature
when is the council of chalcedon and what did it focus on
451, focused on mary
what is theotokos
god bearer, mother of god
what did the council of ephesus and when was it
single nature of christ(monophysite) 451
what is the council of chalcedon
condemned monophysites,
name some divisions in the church
church in egypt refused to accept chalcedon, alienation of african churches, resistance of nestorianism (antiochene, syrain, mesopotamian, persian), elevation of power of constantinoplitan bishop
holy scripture wherever it recalls the lords economy
nestorius
who is augustine of hippo
greatest latin theologian, catholic church held together by the spirit, believed word and sacrament were two means of grace
augustine believed what
sinfulness makes coercion sometimes justifiable
who did augustine oppose
pelagius
where did the idea of original sin come from
augustine
describe church of constantinople
imperial church, byzabtine christianity, later eastern orthodox
which church claimed to be the true chirch
eastern orthodox church
what did the failure of chalcedon lead to
no unified christianity
describe the imperial church
grand, liturgy including processions, chanting and music, emphasis on conciliar tradition
who is emperor justinian what did he want to do
make empire truly christian and truly united, pagan citizens baptized, closed pagan academy in athens, codex justinianus, “ideal christian emperor”
effects of chalcedon
alienation of coptic church, no unity
antioch, syria(west), east syria outside of roman empire which is pro chalcedon
antioch
who is gregory the great
expanded role of roman church in civil affairs
who is benedict of nursia
monastic vision based on stability, simple life, corporate prayer
benedictine vows
stability, celibacy, obedience
describe irish monks
discipline, missionary zeal, practice of penance, prayer, fasting, mortification, see selves as exiles
shahadah
muslim profession of faith
iconoclasm
ban of religious images
when was french king clovis converted
496
who is charles martel
french king, defeated muslim armies
who is pepin
the first french king anointed
who wanted the kingly authority to be sacral
pepin
what did charlemagne establish
anno domini, minuscule, parishes
charlemagne was also known as
new david
what caused divisions in the east and the west
icons, additional paragraph in the nicene creed over the holy spirit, conflict over validity of councils
what does filioque
and the son
in the east god speaks through what
councils by the holy spirit
in the west god speaks through what
the church/papacy
who is otto the great
theocratic king, believed emperor is protector of the papacy, emperor over pope
who is pope gregory v11
hildebrandian reform, against simony and investiture, independent church with pope as its head, enforcement of celibacy
characteristics of the medieval reformation (6)
new inward piety, devotion to virgin mary, vita apostolica, mendicant orders, scholasticism, poor clares
during medieval reformation what image to people now focus on
mary instead of michael
what does mary symbolize
love
characteristics of mendicant orders
new appreciation for poverty, new activism, franciscans and dominicans
scholasticism
reconcile christian belief with hellenistic thought
who were the poor clares
sisters dedicated to poverty
who started using nativity scenes to teach the incarnation
francis of assisi
list the causes of east and west christianity division
strong western churches, conflicts over icons and filioque, excommunication of each other
date of the great schism
1054
who had the ontological argument for gods existence
anselms
characteristics of the crusades (7)
new western vitality, byzantine empires suffering from islamic invasion, investiture controversy, pope urban 11 launched the crusades, multinational army, captured edessa, antioch, jerusalem, exacerbated latin byzantine tension
what happened in the 4th crusade
plundering of constantinople by latin christian force
investiture
who would control appointments of bishops
simony
buying or sellig of ecclesiastical privileges
what did pope innocent believe
pope as supreme governor, crusading law and canon law, use of the interdict
4th latern council established
transubstantiation, cups for the priestly only, confession of the sins at least once a year
what is purgatory
dead in intermediate state awaiting the resurrection
characteristics of purgatory
old christian belief, prayer for dead/after life purification, effects of sin purged from souls of believers
3 parts of dantes divine comedy
paradiso, purgatorio, inferno
what is the greatest work of thomas aquinas
summa theologiae
aquinas believed through ___ ____ we conceived of gods existence
natural reason
what is the unam sanctum
most elevated statement of papal authority in middle ages
what was dantes criticism over
worldliness and riches of the papacy
where did the french buttholes try to move the papacy
avignon
who was the oxford theologian against the churchs great wealth and believed the bible is the only true authority
wycliffe
who is john huss
bohemian theologian who attacked the morals of the clergy
what is the paleologian renaissance
cultural and spiritual revival
1422 turks beseiged constantinople
whjsjsj
what council solved the great schism
council of florence
second council of lyons
first meeting of east and west, accepted latin teaching of the filioque, emperor recognized supremacy of roman catholic church
what does the nicene creed deal with
redemption
who liked adding clause on HS
constantine
date for council of nicaea
325
council of constantinople
381
council of chalcedon
451
council of ephesus
431
fourth latern council
1216
council of florence
1439
