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Quantitative Methods > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A normal distribution is _metrical, _modal, and the mean, median and mode are _.

A

SYMmetrical, UNImodal, and the mean, median and mode are EQUAL.

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2
Q

The total area under the standard normal distribution curve is = _?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the z score?

A

The Z score is the number of standard deviations from the mean

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4
Q

Sigma signifies…?

A

Standard deviation of a population

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5
Q

Miu signifies…?

A

Mean of a population

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6
Q

What percentages of scores lies between -1 and 1 SD in a normal distribution?

A

68%

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7
Q

What percentages of scores lies between -2 and 2 SD in a normal distribution?

A

95%

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8
Q

What percentages of scores lies between -3 and 3 SD in a normal distribution?

A

99%

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9
Q

What percentages of scores lies in the tails in a normal distribution?

A

0.5%

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10
Q

The probability is the…?

A

The probability is the area under the curve.

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11
Q

In the Z-score formula, what does X represent?

A

X represents the value to be converted.

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12
Q

Percentile rank is based on…

A

The proportion / Z-score.

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13
Q

What is the objective of quantitative sampling?

A

The objective is to get a lot of information with little cost by using a representative sample. To get the probability

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14
Q

In a quantitative sampling, the sample that is not representative of the population is called…?

A

The sampling error.

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15
Q

Two examples of quantitative sampling are…?

A

Simple random sampling and stratified random sampling

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16
Q

In stratified random sampling, the subpopulations are also called…?

A

Strata

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17
Q

In proportionate stratified random sampling, subpopulations are based to reflect…?

A

Reflect the proportions in the population

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18
Q

In disproportionate stratified random sampling, subpopulations….?

A

Compare to an extreme minority.

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19
Q

A small population of under 1000 has a __ sampling ratio of about __%

A

Larger sampling ratio of about 30%

20
Q

A moderately large population of about 10,000 has a __ sampling ratio of about __%

A

Small sampling ratio of about 10%

21
Q

A large population of over 150,000 has a __ sampling ratio of _%

A

Very small sampling ratio of 1%

22
Q

A very large population of over 10 million has a __ sampling ratio of about __%

A

Tiny sampling ratio of about .025%

23
Q

An inference is a?

A

An inference is a theory.

24
Q

Confidence intervals are presented as a _?

A

Presented as a range

25
Q

In a t-distribution, the shape is more _-shaped?

A

Dome-shaped (as opposed to bell-shaped)

26
Q

How is the degree of freedom (df) calculated for t-distribution?

A

n-1

27
Q

Rounding in t-distribution is up or down?

A

Round down

28
Q

How are confidence interval problems’ solutions presented?

A

The solutions are presented with a range and a full sentence to interpret.

29
Q

Hypothesis testing is _ testing.

A

Significance testing.

30
Q

The null hypothesis is the…?

A

The null (H0) hypothesis is the currently accepted hypothesis.

31
Q

The research hypothesis is the…

A

The research hypothesis (Ha) is the new hypothesis that we want to test.

32
Q

What are the steps in the Five-Step Model?

A

1) Identify
2) 1 or 2 tailed + H0&Ha
3) State sampling distribution & critical values
4) Identify formula & test statistic(s)
5) Interpret

33
Q

A one-sample Z-test is used when…?

A

A one-sample Z-test is used when we want to compare population to sample.

34
Q

When it’s a 2-tailed test, we must give _# t-__.

A

In a 2-tailed test, we must give 2 t-criticals.

35
Q

In a 2 sample t-test, how is the degree of freedom (df) determined?

A

df= (n1+n2)-2

36
Q

The chi square is a test of…

A

The chi square is a test of significance based on crosstabulation tables

37
Q

In chi square, O means _ and E means _.

A

O means “observed” and E means “expected”.

38
Q

The degree of freedom for chi square is:

A

df= (i-1)(j-1)

39
Q

E is calculated using:

A

E= (row total X column total)/total # surveyed

40
Q

Chi square tests are always _-tailed

A

Chi square tests are always ONE-tailed

41
Q

In chi square, H0 is the variables are __ and Ha is the variables are __.

A

H0 is the variables are independent and Ha is the variables are dependent (there is a significant relationship).

42
Q

Correlation can only be used with ___ and ___ data.

A

Ordinal treated as interval and interval.

43
Q

Testing correlation is always _-tailed

A

Testing correlation is always TWO-tailed

44
Q

What is the degree of freedom for Pearson’s r?

A

df = n-2

45
Q

What are the strengths or correlation?

A
  1. 00-0.29: weak
  2. 30-0.59: moderate
  3. 60-1.00: strong
46
Q

To draw a regression line, what 2 points are necessary?

A

The Y-intercept and the intersection of the means are necessary to draw a regression line.

47
Q

How is the coefficient or determination/non-determination answered?

A

“_% of the variance in the (y) is explained/explained by something other than by the (x).”

Quantitative Methods (2 decks)

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