Test 1 (Lectures 1-5) Flashcards
What is included in a research process (6)?
Research question, hypothesis, methodology, collect data, analyze data, interpret data
Why do we use statistics?
We use statistics to eliminate our biases.
What are the purposes of research?
The purposes of research are to explore, to describe and to explain.
What are the levels of measurement (4)?
Nominal, true ordinal, ordinal treated as interval, and interval.
Which level of measurement does not have ranking?
Nominal
What level of measurement is a ranking?
True ordinal
What level of measurement is a list?
Nominal
What level of measurement is a scale?
Ordinal treated as interval
What level of measurement is a real number?
Interval
In a frequency distribution table, where does “other” go?
Last
What is relative frequency?
Relative frequency is frequency/sample (f/n)
How is percentage calculated?
Rf x 100 = %
How is class interval calculated?
The class interval = range/desired # of categories
Name 4 types of graphs.
Bar graph, histogram, pie chart and frequency polygon.
What level of measurement can a pie graph be used for?
Nominal
What levels of measurement can a bar graph be used for?
Nominal and true ordinal
What levels of measurement can a histogram be used for?
Ordinal treated as interval & interval (quantitative)
What levels of measurement can a frequency polygon be used for?
Ordinal treated as interval & interval
What levels of measurement can a stem & leaf plot be used for?
Interval
How many categories can a pie chart go up to?
Max 5 categories
In a bar graph, can categories be rearranged?
Yes
What are the measures of central tendency (5)?
Mean, median, mode, 5-number summary, and box-plot
If there are several modes, it is called ___. If there are two modes, it is called ___.
Unimodal and bimodal
Right-skewed data is when…
The mean is greater than the median - the mean has been pulled because of high-valued outliers
Left-skewed data is when…
The mean is smaller than the median - the mean has been pulled because of low-valued outliers
What does the 5-number summary include?
The 5-number summary includes:
Min, max, Q1, median and Q3
Standard deviation is how spread out data is in relation to the…
How spread out data is in relation to the mean.
μ means?
μ is the mean of a population
σ means?
σ is the standard deviation of a population
x̅ means?
x̅ is the mean of a sample
s means?
s is the standard deviation of a sample
What are the non-probability qualitative sampling methods (4)?
Convenience sampling, Quota sampling, Purposive sampling & Snowball sampling
Research ethics towards participants (4)?
No harm, voluntary, informed consent, privacy, anonymity
Z score is…
Z score is the standard deviation from the mean
