Test #2 Flashcards
The strongest indicator if the success of therapy is __________.
The personality of the therapist
What was Sigmund Freud’s theory about bad behavior?
- people are an accumulation of everything they ever experienced, consciously or subconsciously
- bad memories get repressed
- bad behavior is a result of too many bad things being repressed and the subconscious can’t contain it
What were Freud’s theraputic techniques?
- Free Association
- Dream Interpretation
- Hypnosis
What does Freud look for in his patients during free association?
- Transference
- Counter-transference
- Primary Process
- Resistance
Compare and contrast: Manifest Content vs. Latent Content
Manifest Content:
- what actually occurs in the dream
Latent Content:
- what the dream means
Both:
- are the components of dreams
What is Freud’s theory on the Id, Superego, and Ego? Define each.
Id:
- basic human drive
- pleasure seeking
- instant gratification
- baby part of a person
Superego:
- restrictions/inhibitions that are formed by caretakers
- conscience
Ego:
-compromises between the desires of the Id and restrictions of the Superego
Define Transference.
When a patient transfers the feelings they may have for someone else onto the therapist
Define Counter-transference.
When the patient invokes feelings in the therapist (e.g: when the patient looks like the therapist’s mother). If the counter-trasference is too strong, the therapist is not ethically allowed to treat the patient.
Define Primary Process and list the forms it could take.
Primary Process:
- uncensored thoughts
Can take the form of…
- dreams
- Parapraxis (freudian slip)
- hypnosis
- free association
Define Resistance.
When the patient begins to resist treatment (e.g: skipping appointments regularly). Usually this means the therapist is getting close to the root of the problem.
What are some criticisms of Freud?
- He made up everything. His theories are impossible to prove or disprove because they are of concepts, not of physical parts of the brain.
- all of his theories were based on sick people
Behaviorists boil down all human behavior to being the result of ________.
A stimulus-response relationship.
Define Catharsis.
The “Aha!” moment when the patient realizes what the problem is.
What theraputic technique did Joseph Wolpe “develop” and what behavioral issue does it fix?
Systematic Desensitization
Used on patients with phobias or anxiety
Describe Systematic Desensitization.
Systematic Desensitization: exposing the patient to fear-inducing stimuli in steadily increasing increments
Example: Phobia of cats
- at 1st meeting, there is a stuffed cat on a shelf in the office
- 2nd meeting: the stuffed cat is on the desk
- 3rd meeting: patient hold stuffed cat
- 4th meeting: live kitten in cage in corner
- …
- final meeting: patient holds live cat
Describe Flooding.
- Therapist immediately exposes patient to worst fear
- works faster than systematic desensitization
- illegal unless patient gives written consent
Describe Implosion Therapy.
- patient imagines they are facing their worst fear
- not effective
Describe E.C.T. (Electro-Convulsive shock Therapy).
- Used exclusively for depression
- runs electric current through patient’s brain
- mild anasthesia
- it works, but they have no idea why
Define eclectic approach to therapy.
When a therapist uses a blend of different types of therapy.
Describe Biofeedback and how it can help patients.
- Using biological feeback from the body to identify/treat a psychological issue
Example:
- raising skin tempurature can cure anxiety
Define Contingency Management.
A system of reward in order to establish good behavior
Define Token Economy.
Rewarding certain behavior with “tokens” that can be traded in for other rewards
What are the Four Schedules of Reinforcement? Define each.
1) Fixed Ratio-paid the same amount every time
2) Variable Ratio-paid different amounts every time (e.g: paid on commission)
3) Fixed Interval-time between rewards stays the same
4) Variable Interval-time between rewards is different every time
Describe Systems Theory. What is the goal of Systems Therapy?
- everyone is part of a system/family
- things that happen to people can sometimes affect the entire system
- goal: to shift the family system to fix a problem with the Identified Patient
