Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASDOH Digestion > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure that transports pancreatic juice to the duodenum?

A

The main pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inactive form of Trypsin

A

Trypsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What brush boarder enzyme activates trypsinogen?

A

Enterokinase on epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enterokinase is also known as…

A

enteropeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Trypsin do to the proenzymes that are in pancreatic juice? What are the Proenzymes of the pancreas that it activates?

A

It activates
Chymotripsinogen
Proelastase
Procarboxypeptidase A, and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This pancreatic hormone is recreated in response to decreased pH in the duodenum

A

Secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The S cells of the duodenum produce?

A

Secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A hormone that stimulates the pancreas to secrete juice rich in enzymes…

A

CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Some evidence suggests that pancreatic juice although mediated primarily through CCK (primary) and the PNS through the vagus nerve may also be stimulated by…

A

A response to the sight or smell of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which measurements can confirm Acute pancreatitis

A

Measurements of pancreatic amylase or lipase is an indication that the acinar cell of the pancreas are being destroyed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most cases of acute pancreatitis result from…

A

Gallstones or alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name some of the common symptoms of pancreatitis…

A

Most common initial symptom is severe epigastric and abdominal pain that radiates to the back

Ascites 
Tachycardia
hypotension
cool and clammy skin
Fever
Mild jaundice in the case of biliary obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

More than 95% of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas arise from the

A

exocrine elements and are referred to as exocrine pancreatic cancers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The major risk factors for pancreatic cancer are:

A
  • Cigarette smoking
  • High body mass and lack of physical activity
  • History of chronic pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Results from a defect in..

A

An absence of The CFTR calcium channel. With out This channel the Na+ ENaC cannot regulate properly and we get dehydration of mucus and a build up of water in the places we don’t want.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the Quadrate lobe of the liver located?

A

Close to the gallbladder, the more anterior side of the liver between the Right and left lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the Caudate lobe of the liver located

A

Nearest the inferior Vena Cava. The more posterior side of the liver between the right and left lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The functional units of the liver are called…

A

Lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The function of Kupffer cells

A

Located in the sinusoid, they remove bacteria and debris from the blood.

20
Q

The tube that bile flows through in the liver…

A

Called bile canaliculi, the flow of bile is opposite the flow of blood into the sinusoids from arteries and veins.

21
Q

Hepatocytes are grouped into…

A

Hepatic chords

22
Q

The flow of blood through the liver

A
  1. Oxygen Rich blood from the hepatic artery + Nutrient rich blood from the hepatic portal vein flow together into…
  2. Liver sinusoids»
  3. Central vein»
  4. Inferior vena cava»
  5. Right atrium of the heart.
23
Q

The sinusoids are lined by_______, and have no_________.

A

Fenestrated endothelium

Basement membrane

24
Q

The space between the hepatocytes in the liver and the fenestrated endothelium lining the sinusoids in the liver…

A

SPACE OF DISSE (perisinusoidal space).

25
Q

How does the Liver produce ASCITES?

A

When the lymph flow of the liver is compromised, it lacks through the outer surface of the liver into the abdominal cavity.

26
Q

Explain the first pass effect.

A

Drugs chemicals or nutrients all go through the liver before they enter the systemic circulation. Enzymes in the liver will attempt to break these substances down i to more soluble parts so they can be eliminated or utilized.

27
Q

5 year survival for pancreatic cancer patients…

A

25-30% for node-negative and 10% for node-positive tumors

28
Q

How much glycogen can the liver store?

A

8% of its weight can be glycogen

100-120g of glycogen

29
Q

Deamination reactions require a set of enzymes known as

A

aminotransferases or transaminases:

aspartate transaminase or AST
alanine transaminase or ALT

30
Q

Build up of urea in the blood can lead to…

and is often a symptom of…

A

…a state of azotemia or uremia

…renal failure

31
Q

The normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level

A

a range of 5-26 mg/dL in the adult

9/10 times elevated BUN indicates renal disfunction

32
Q

Statins inhibit the enzyme…

A

HMG-CoA reductase, the instrumental enzyme in cholesterol production

33
Q

The only way the body can secrete and get rid of extra cholesterol…

A

Excreted in BILE

34
Q

The hormones that the liver degrades

A

Steroid hormones, as will as T3/T4 hormones

35
Q

The vitamin the liver stores are…

A

Vitamin B12, A, and D

36
Q

The major types of plasma proteins are:

A
  • albumin
  • globulin
  • fibrinogen
37
Q

What hormones liver proteins transport?

A

transport of thyroid, adrenocortical, gonadal and other

hormones (albumin & globulin)

38
Q

What do liver proteins act as carriers for?

A

Acting as carriers for metals, ions, fatty acids, amino acids, bilirubin, enzymes and drugs (albumin & globulin)

39
Q

The organic constituents of bile are:

A
  • bile salts (~50%)
  • phospholipids (~40%)
  • cholesterol (~4%)
  • bile pigments such as bilirubin (~2%)
40
Q

Primary bile acids are converted into what to secondary bile acids by bacteria in the gut?

A

Deoxycholic acid

Lithocholic acid

41
Q

Conjugation of bilirubin involves attaching….

This is catalyzed by…

A

glucuronic acid to bilirubin

glucuronyl transferase.

42
Q

The function of CCK on the gall bladder

A

Contraction

and Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi

43
Q

What roll does Secretin play on bile releae

A

stimulates ion and water secretion by the bile ducts, in essence washes out some of the bile down toward the duodenum.

44
Q

What effect does ACH have on the gall bladder.

A

Causes it to contract via PNS

45
Q

Describe Acute cholecystitis causes

A

right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis associated with gallbladder inflammation that is usually related to gallstone disease.

46
Q

Describe Chronic cholecystitis

A

is the term used by the pathologist to describe chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of the gallbladder seen on histopathology.

47
Q

the presence of gallstones

A

Cholelithiasis

ASDOH Digestion (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions