Test 2 Flashcards
If the conclusion follows logically from the premises then it is ____.
Valid
How many reasons does an enthymeme use in the “because” part
One
In an argument essay, the writer tries to provide _____ to convince the reader
Evidence
The setup for deductive reasoning is called a
Syllogism
The strongest argument should never be placed in the ____ of an essay
Middle
To answer an opponents argument is to ____
Refute
Which type of conclusion is more definite–induction or deduction
Deduction
If the major and minor premises of a syllogism end with the same words, the conclusion is usually ____
Invalid
2 characteristics of a good syllogism
True
Valid
What type of reasoning moves from a generally accepted statement of thrush, to an application of that truth
Deduction
In an argument essay, what format should the thesis be written
Although-because
A claim from only one bit of evidence is ___
Enthymeme
What type of reasoning is used in the Declaration of Independence
Deductive
List the 3 parts of a syllogism
Major premise
Minor premise
Conclusion
What type of reasoning was illustrated in class by having you stand until you had enough evidence to sit down
Induction
Gathering bits of data then drawing a tentative conclusion
Induction
What logical fallacy includes superstitions
Post hoc
What logical fallacy insinuates that “everyone lives this way”
Bandwagon appeal
Logical fallacy that includes prejudice and stereotype
Hasty generalization
Logical fallacy attacking the opponents character
Argument ad hominem
Logical fallacy assuming that there are only two sides of the argument- right and wrong
Either-or
Logical fallacy basing the argument on insufficient evidence
Hasty generalization
Logical fallacy assuming the truth that should be proven
Begging the truth
Logical fallacy hinting that because one thing happens first, it causes another thing to happen next
Post hoc
Logical fallacy restating the first half of the argument in the second half
Circular thinking
Logical fallacy changing the subject
Red herring
Logical fallacy giving a conclusion not a logical result of the facts
Non sequitor
Carl Rogers’ system of argument is based on ___
Compromise
The thesis for an argument paper is often called a ____
Proposition
What type of reasoning is often called the scientific method
Induction
An enthymeme begins with the ____
Claim (conclusion)
An enthymeme always uses the word ____
Because
List the 3 players in an argument as described by Aristotle. (Greek words)
Ethos (writer/speaker)
Logos (argument)
Pathos (reader)
Which is the most important player
Writer/speaker (ethos)
3 player in an argument according to Toulmin
Lawyer
Testimony
Judge or jury
Statements that can be verified or disproven
Facts
Not available to be verified or disproven
Opinions
Opinions based on facts
Inferences
Opinions based on values beliefs or ideas
Judgements
To soften the affect of a strong thesis, add a ____
Qualifier
When do you put a comma between two adjectives
When you can switch them
For what purpose, other than separating two sentences, do you use a semicolon
In a list that contains other commas where you show the major division
When do you use a hyphen between two words
When they precede a noun and need to be made into one word
Apostrophes in nouns usually show ___
Possession
Apostrophes in personal pronouns show
Contraction
