Test 2 Flashcards
LPS itself activates:
• Macrophages • Hageman Factor (causing coagulation!) • Platelets (more coagulation!) • Alternative Complement Pathway (causing mast cell degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators)
Some S. dysenteriae strains produce an exotoxin called
Shiga Toxin
Shiga Toxin is…
An A-B toxin that cleaves ribosomal RNA
IF Shiga toxin gets into the blood stream it can result in…
Renal Failure AKA
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
N. meningitidis Virulence factors
• Fimbrae
o Mediate attachment to nasopharynx mucosal epithelial cells
o Resist phagocytosis
• Capsule (blood and CNS isolates)
o Anti-phagocytic o Antigenic differences between strains
- IgA protease
- ‘Blebs’ of LPS
The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in children.
H. Influenza
N.Meningitidis
Strep. Pneu
The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Neonates.
Strep. Pneu
H. Influenza
The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Adults.
N.Meningitidis
The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Elderly.
Strep. Pneu
Meningococcus is caused by?
N .Meningitidis crossing the BBB and causing Meningitis.
Meningococcemia is caused by?
N .Meningitidis going septic, multiplying in the blood stream releasing LPS systemically
Viremia is?
When a virus enters the blood
Bacteremia is?
When bacteria enters the blood
Septicemia is?
When an exotoxin is released into the bloodstream
What is Sepsis?
the presence in tissues of harmful bacteria and their toxins, typically through infection of a wound.
What is Septic shock?
When sepsis leads to dangerously low blood pressure.
Typhoid Fever V. Typhus
Bug Salmonella typhi causes Typhoid fever. Bacteria may live in gall bladder and spread the disease for life. Transmitted by bad hygiene habits and dirty water
Typhus is spread rapidly by blood sucking pests
What is Trachoma?
Caused by C.Trachomatis. Most common cause of bacterial eye infections and STI’s
toxin that has been modified so that it no longer can cause pathology, but is still immunogenic
Toxoid
C. Perfringens AKA..
Gas Gangrene
Gm+ Pathogens that have AB EXOTOXIN
Corynebacterium Diptheria Clostridium (Neuro, or Cytolytic) C. tetani (neuro) C. botulinum (neuro) C. perfringens (Cytolytic) c. difficile (2 exotoxins) Bacillus anthracis (2 exotoxins)
Gm+ Pathogens that have NO AB EXOTOXIN
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae
Reheated fried rice true food poisoning happens from?
Bacillus cereus (spores)
Which Gm- bacteria have only LPS
Yersinia pestis (systemic)
N. meningitidis (systemic)
N. gonorrhea (Local)
Which Gm- bacteria have only LPS with exotoxin?
Escherichia coli
Shigella
Salmonella
Bugs that cause bloody Dysentery (HUS)
EHEC
Shigella
Bugs that cause normal Dysentery
EIEC
They have no cell wall
Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma
