Test 2

Question 1

LPS itself activates:

Answer 1

• Macrophages
•  Hageman Factor (causing coagulation!)
•  Platelets (more coagulation!)
•  Alternative Complement Pathway (causing mast cell degranulation and
release of pro-inflammatory mediators)

Question 2

Some S. dysenteriae strains produce an exotoxin called

Answer 2

Shiga Toxin

Question 3

Shiga Toxin is…

Answer 3

An A-B toxin that cleaves ribosomal RNA

Question 4

IF Shiga toxin gets into the blood stream it can result in…

Answer 4

Renal Failure AKA

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Question 5

N. meningitidis Virulence factors

Answer 5

• Fimbrae
o Mediate attachment to nasopharynx mucosal epithelial cells
o Resist phagocytosis

• Capsule (blood and CNS isolates)
o Anti-phagocytic o Antigenic differences between strains

• IgA protease
• ‘Blebs’ of LPS

Question 6

The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in children.

Answer 6

H. Influenza
N.Meningitidis
Strep. Pneu

Question 7

The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Neonates.

Answer 7

Strep. Pneu

H. Influenza

Question 8

The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Adults.

Answer 8

N.Meningitidis

Question 9

The Bugs that are most likely to cause Acute Purulent Meningitis in Elderly.

Answer 9

Strep. Pneu

Question 10

Meningococcus is caused by?

Answer 10

N .Meningitidis crossing the BBB and causing Meningitis.

Question 11

Meningococcemia is caused by?

Answer 11

N .Meningitidis going septic, multiplying in the blood stream releasing LPS systemically

Question 12

Viremia is?

Answer 12

When a virus enters the blood

Question 13

Bacteremia is?

Answer 13

When bacteria enters the blood

Question 14

Septicemia is?

Answer 14

When an exotoxin is released into the bloodstream

Question 15

What is Sepsis?

Answer 15

the presence in tissues of harmful bacteria and their toxins, typically through infection of a wound.

Question 16

What is Septic shock?

Answer 16

When sepsis leads to dangerously low blood pressure.

Question 17

Typhoid Fever V. Typhus

Answer 17

Bug Salmonella typhi causes Typhoid fever. Bacteria may live in gall bladder and spread the disease for life. Transmitted by bad hygiene habits and dirty water

Typhus is spread rapidly by blood sucking pests

Question 18

What is Trachoma?

Answer 18

Caused by C.Trachomatis. Most common cause of bacterial eye infections and STI’s

Question 19

toxin that has been modified so that it no longer can cause pathology, but is still immunogenic

Answer 19

Toxoid

Question 20

C. Perfringens AKA..

Answer 20

Gas Gangrene

Question 21

Gm+ Pathogens that have AB EXOTOXIN

Answer 21

Corynebacterium Diptheria
Clostridium (Neuro, or Cytolytic)
   C. tetani (neuro)
   C. botulinum (neuro)
   C. perfringens (Cytolytic)
   c. difficile (2 exotoxins)
Bacillus anthracis (2 exotoxins)

Question 22

Gm+ Pathogens that have NO AB EXOTOXIN

Answer 22

M. tuberculosis

M. leprae

Question 23

Reheated fried rice true food poisoning happens from?

Answer 23

Bacillus cereus (spores)

Question 24

Which Gm- bacteria have only LPS

Answer 24

Yersinia​ pestis (systemic)
N.​ meningitidis (systemic)
N.​ gonorrhea (Local)

Question 25

Which Gm- bacteria have only LPS with exotoxin?

Answer 25

Escherichia​ coli
Shigella
Salmonella

Question 26

Bugs that cause bloody Dysentery (HUS)

Answer 26

E​H​EC

Shigella

Question 27

Bugs that cause normal Dysentery

Answer 27

EIEC

Question 28

They have no cell wall

Answer 28

Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma