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Global Geography 12 > TEST #2 > Flashcards

TEST #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

WHY IS THERE LIFE ON EARTH?

A

The Goldilocks zone
There is life on earth because of the position of the earth in the solar system
The earth is not too hot or too cold, if it were any closer/further too sun, the earth wouldn’t be able to sustain life.

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2
Q

Other reasons for life on planet earth

A
  • earths orbit on its axis and rotation around sun, distributes heat
  • earths magnetic field: prevents from deadly radiation/particles.
  • earths gravitational field: holds atmosphere in place (prevents gases from escaping)
  • Jupiter shields earth from meteors
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3
Q

Four conditions to make life possible

A

1) Stable Temperature range
- CO2 and water vapour molecules + plants
2) An abundance of Water
- first came from ____ activity, biologists believe…, 2/3 of earth is oceans
3) sufficient quantity of gasses
- 78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% CO2
4) A Thick Enough Atmosphere
- A layer of gases 80-100 kms thick
- stable temp/protects from meteors

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4
Q

The four spheres on earth

A

Lithosphere: earths crust
Hydrosphere: water
Atmosphere: gases in air
Biosphere: all living things

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

Well defined habitats hosting systems of interacting organisms

Interactions between plants, animals, microorganisms and their environment

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6
Q

The carbon cycle

A

Movement of carbon from atmosphere, animals and the soil then back to atmosphere
-dead animals decay and return carbon to cycle

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7
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Most powerful element
-microscopic bacteria live on the roots of legumes and converts nitrogen into ammonia and nitrate which the plant absorbs and converts to protein (food production)

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8
Q

Oxygen cycle

A

90% of oxygen is replaced by algae

  • plants produce 90% of oxygen
  • photosynthesis
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9
Q

Water Cycle

A

Water must be recycled through earths atmosphere and back to earths surface

  • most water from evaporation some from transpiration
  • GROUNDWATER DISSOLVES NUTRIENTS IN SOIL
  • water vapour condenses forms clouds then falls as precipitation.
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10
Q

The geological cycle

A

The rock cycle

Rocks and their minerals and altered and changed many times over earths long history, these changes occur underground

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11
Q

What is open and closed system?

What is earth?

A

Open: parts can be added/lost
Closed: parts exist in precise amounts, CANT be added/lost

Earth is closed because water,gasses and chemical nutrients exist in limited amount

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12
Q

Carbon sinks

A
  • natural system that sucks up and stores carbon dioxide

- main ones: plants, ocean and soil

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13
Q

Albedo affect

A

Percentage of light reflected

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14
Q

Gaia Hypothesis

A

Created by James lovelock (1969)
Named after greek earth goddess
-all living matter functions as a single super-organism that makes changes to produce environment that suits its needs

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15
Q

Four factors that work together

A

Soil
Ocean
Biosphere
Atmosphere

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16
Q

3 ways earth regulates itself

A

Surface temp.
Atmospheric composition
Ocean salinity

17
Q

What is a Natural hazard

Comprised of 2 parts:

A

Geographical events which occur under, on and above the earths surface (has potential to happen)

2 parts:

  1. Natural Events
  2. Human Activity
18
Q

Whats a natural disaster?

A

A natural process in the environment which affects people

19
Q

Vulnerability

A

Susceptibility to environment/physical injury

How it affects humans..
Natural hazard results in ..
Risk of natural disaster is… due to…

20
Q

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS

A

Posotive effects are not revealed until months/years later ex.
Rejuvenation of forests after fire

Some not so obvious:
After flood, ground water supply increases!

21
Q

Ecosystems

7pnts

A

-Interactions between plants animals microorganisms and environment
-all work together as unit
-include biotic and abiotic things
Can be big or small
-biotic community includes consumers/producers
-plants make food for animals but animals also give food for plants when they decompose and die
-and ecosystem cannot hold more organisms than it can accomodate

22
Q

Chain of being

A

When something affects one organism in a system all other aspects of the ecosystem are affected bc its all connected

23
Q

Food chain

What does it consist of?

A

Straight line showing transfer of energy from one organism to the next
Consists of: sun, producer, consumer and decomposers

24
Q

Trophic pattern

A

Flow of energy from one organism to next

25
Q

Trophic level

A

New energy level

26
Q

Food pyramid:

A

Based on idea that because of energy loss, fewer animals in an ecosystem can be supported at each trophic level.

▪️Represents energy flow

27
Q

Food web

A

Consists of multiple food chains and are more complex, shows how organisms truly interact.

A comples network of interactions

28
Q

Two components in ecosystem

A

Biotic

Abiotic

29
Q

Difference bw food web vs. Food chain.

A

.

30
Q 
What is gaia?
Why was this name chosen?
What it gaia hypothesis?
What is gaia philosophy?
What is non-anthropocentric?
Chief Seattle's philosophy vs Gaia?
A
  • Greek earth goddess
  • Environment is living like a tree
  • All living matter functions as a single super organism which can change planet to suit its needs
  • Gaia philosophy is that environment is as important as human being
  • non-anthropocentric means doesn’t rely on people

Chief believes earth must be valued highly
Gaia believes earth is our brother/sisters and myst be treated like so

31
Q

Rain forest facts

1) what is rainforest
2) biodiversity in rainforest
3) the amazon
4) key to tomorrows cures
5) losing the knowledge
6) the driving forces of destruction

A

1)

  • located near equator
  • receive 160-400 inches rain/ year
  • 1% of light reaches lowest levels of forest

2)
- weve studies less than 1% or millions of species in rainforest
- losing more than 137 species everyday
- 80-90% of rainforests will be destroyed by 2020

3)
Produces 20% of oxygen
- amazon river- 2/3 of water on earth
-2000 species fish (more than Atlantic ocean)
- 1/5 of all birds

4)

  • 70% of anti-cancerous plants are found in rainforest
  • medicine in forest allows 8/10 children with leukaemia to live

5)
As rain forests die, indigenous die, their knowledge of medicine dies

1900 -> 6-9 mill indigenous
1900 -> 1 mill indigenous
Today -> 250,000

6)
Commercial logging is largest cause of destruction of forest

-main reason we import wood from rainforest is to build coffins

Global Geography 12 (7 decks)

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