Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 stages in the employment cycle?
Acquisition, Development, Maintenence, Seperation
What is acquisition?
It encompasses predicting the businness’ need for staff and attracting the best employees to meet the ggoals of the business
What is a job analysis?
Identifying and describing a jib, that results in a job description
What is a job description
Detailed outlines of work involved in a particular position within a business
What should a job description include?
Title, Aims/objectives of the job, Specific tasks/duties of the job, Relationship of the job to others in the business, Skills nad knowledge, incl. minimum educational sandards and req’d experience (Job specification), Equipment used when performing hte job, structure of department, Salary range, Organisational chart showing where the job fits
What are advantages and disadvantages of internal reqruitment methos
Advantages Disadvantages
- Inexpensive - Limited response
- Quicker
- Can motivate existing staff
What are advantages and disadvantages of external reqruitment methods?
Advantages:
- Opportunity for new ideas and skills
- More applicants
Disadvantages:
- Expensive
- Can alienate existing staff
- More time training new recruit
What are the 4 stages of the RQCRUITMENT process?
Application(Resume), Interview, Referrees and tests, Selection
What are 4 types of tests that can be undertaken during an interview process?
Intelligencce test
Practical (orr aptitude test)
Personality test
Medical test
What are some reasons for undertaking tests
The interview may not be reliable/accurate
Can be subjective or biased
first impressions can be misleading
Interviewee can test for specific skill/ability
Used to confirm statements made in application form and/or interview
What are steps associated with the selection process?
- Unsuitable applicants screened out
- Short-list best people
- Conduct interviews
- Select top candidate
- Contact referees
- Notify succesful and unsuccesful candidates
what is induction training?
The training that an employee recieves on their forst day(s) of starting a new job
What will a good induction ensure?
It ensures that new emplyees feel welcome and shown how their work/career goals fit into the organisations mission and culture.
OHS will also be introduces at this stage
What is training?
A set of activities req’d to ensure that an employee has the req’d knowledge and skills to perform their job role.
What are 4 steps in creating a training plan?
- Business requirements
- Staff requirmements
- Training prirotities
- Training and development plan
What are business requirements?
The HR manager needs tto consider the organisations goals and where training can assist staff in achieving these goals. Example, if customer service goals are not being met, then the staff may undetake some sales training
What are staff requirments?
This stage requires consultation with staff. Current stafff can be surveyed or interviewed about htir training needs and current knowledge and skills.
What are training priorities?
Once appropriate training has been identified then it needs to be prioritised
This will involve looking at the:
- Cost of each training session
- Number of employees attending the training
What are some training types?
In-house training External (formal) training Online training Buddy/metnoring system Job shadowing electronic presentations Direct isntruction case studies Simulation activities
What are some advantages/disadvantages of in-house training
Informal Inexpensive In familiar setting by collegue No travel time Easy to organise Flexible May be called back to the offie May encourage poor practices
What are some aspects of external training?
Fomal Expensive Different setting by specialist travel time Difficult to organise Not as fflexible Able to concentrate w/out disruptions Moore efficient and up-to-date
What are some importances of training
Keep empoyees skills up-to-ddate Better promotion prospects Employees feel valued Employees will feel more motivated Business can remain competitive Create good image for company
What is an employment package?
A set of benefits offered to an employee in addition to thier reggular rate of pay
What is retirement?
The point where employees stop their full0time or part-time work due to age
There is no longer an offficial retirement age in Australial
What are 3 types of job contracts?
Full-time-part-time and casual
What is retrenchment
It is when the employee has become redundant
Not enough work for their position to become viable
Reasons may be due to:
- Structural changes
- Technological changes
- Voluntary nomination for redundancy
What is dismissal?
When an employment contract is ended with an employee to to problems witth job performance
Must legally be a fair dismissal
What are the 6 stages of dismissal?
- Written warning
- Response
- Written warning
- Details conatained in warning
- rE-ASSESSMENT
- Separation
Explain maslows hierarchy of needs
Maslow stated that humans have an ordered approach to meeting their needs. Each person requires the needs lowest in the hierarchy to be met first before moving to the next level of need
Maslows hierarchy is as follows,
PHYSIOLOGICAL: Food, Water, Shelter, Warmth
BOLONGING: Love, Friends, family, Spouse
SELF-ESTEEM: Achievement, Mastery, Recognition, Respect
SELF-ACTUALIZATION: Persue inner talent, creativity, fulfillment
Explain Herzbergs motivation, hygene theory
Frederick herzberg expanded on maslows theory and defined two different lovels of employee needs in the workpllace. Positive and negative feelings about the workplace tended to arise from different factors, not from different perople responding to the same factors
MOTIVATION Achievement Recognition Challenge Promotion Responsibility Growth The work itself Advancement
HYGENE Security Relationship with other employees Status Pay rate Physical working conditions Job security Supervision Working conditions Companies policies & administration
Exaplin Vrooms expectancy theohy
Victor Vroom found that emmployees will want to maximise their happiness at work and minimise pain. His theory explains how people make decisions reggarding various alternatives, and the realtionship between peoples behaivour at work and their goals
INSTRUMENTALITY: The employees belief that a reward will actually be achieved. ie, “if i wrik harder and achieve more, will i recieve and salary increase, If i put in more effort and magnify my results, will is recieve a promotion?
EXPECTANCY: the confidence of the employee about their ability to do the work. ie, “if i worj harder will more be achieved, the they put in more effort, will the results be magnified?
VALENCE: the attittude of the employee to the reward for their work. ie” A salary increase, a promotion, an increased workload?
Explain Adams equity theory
John Adam’s built on Maslows and Herzbergs theories to consider the influence of comparisions with other employees situations on the individual employees motivation.
An employee will compare their inputs at hte workplace to other workers and expect to achieve similar outcomes. it the outcomes are not as expected, then the employee will be less morivated. the main emphasis of this theory is that a perosn is motivatd by what they percieve is equal tratment in comparison to others in the workplace
What is performance management?
Feedback on an employee’s job performance.
To provide an employee with an opportunity to identify where they are performing well and where they need to improve
What is te performance appraisal process?
Review of work performance of the employee
Review the job description and the duties
Identify any changes to the job role
Provide formal feedback to hte employee
Recieve feedback from employee
Identify training/development needs
What are some importances of performance appraisals?
Set expectations and targets Provides feedback to employees Sets a timeline to asses performance Identifies any changes in the job role Training needs identified - employees skills will be up to date
Basis for rewards and recognition. ie, pay rise, promotion
Employee will feel valued
What are some Intrinsic (financial) rewards?
Cash bonuses and sales bonus Pay increase Promotion Share schemes Fringe benefits - eg, mobile phone Leave provision Gifts (eg, watches) Insurrance/Medical benefits Plaques or trophies Awards Verbal praise
What are some extrinsic rewards (non- visable)
Challenge Sense of achievement Praise for a job well done Empowerment to do the job better Saying thank you Increased decision-making/ responsibilities Job autonomy Belonging to a team Flexibility
What are some financial and non-financial incentives?
Financial
Bonuses
Pay rise
Share schemes
Non-financial
Extra leave
Skill improvement
Employee recognition
What are some employee penalties
Reducing wages
Taking disciplinary action
Demoting someoone
Removnig/reducing benefits
What are some aspects of effective r & r systems?
These systems are:
Individually tailored to each employee
Able to recognise the different priorities of employees
Responsive to the changes in the workplace
Seen to be ffair and available to everyone
