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Introduction to Sociology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A position in which individuals are placed, or to which they move, but such placement or movement has nothing to do with what people do or the nature of their capacities or accomplishments.

A

Ascribed Status

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2
Q

What are some examples of an ascribed status?

A
  1. Gender
  2. Race
  3. Age
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3
Q

A position acquired by people on the basis of what they accomplish or the nature of their capacities.

A

Achieved Status

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4
Q

What are some examples of an achieved status?

A
  1. Becoming a graduate of a university
  2. Being a Spouse
  3. A parent
  4. A successful Entrepeneur
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5
Q

This is a position that is more important than any others both for the person for the person in the position and all others involved.

A

Master Status

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6
Q

What is an example of a master status?

A

Being the quarterback for Ohio State University, in which it beats all the other roles the student has to being an athlete.

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7
Q

What is Role Embracement vs. Role Distancing?

A

Role Embracement is to foster the impression that our core social identity is attached to this status. Whereas Role Distancing is the impression that we are not attached to the role.

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8
Q

Conflicting expectations associated with a given position or multiple positions.

A

Role Conflict

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9
Q

What example does the book use for role conflict?

A

A professor who is expected to teach and do research can experience role conflict when they are researching more than preparing for class.

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10
Q

A particular type of domination; legitimate domination

A

Authority

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11
Q

What are the three types of authority?

A
  1. Rational Legal Authority- authorization is legitimated on the basis of legally enacted rules and the right of those with authority to command. For ex: the president
  2. Traditional Authority- authority based on the belief in long-running traditions. For ex: the pope is traditionally picked.
  3. Charismatic Authority- based on the devotion of followers due to what they define as characteristics of an exceptional leader For ex: Ghandi and Martin Luther King
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12
Q

Who is behind the idea on authority?

A

Max Weber

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13
Q

This is a type of group that is small, close knit and has intimate face to face interactions.

A

Primary Groups

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14
Q

This is a type of group that is large and impersonal, ties are relatively weak, and members do not know one another very well, and impact on others is not very strong.

A

Secondary group

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15
Q

This is a group which one takes into consideration in evaluating ones self.

A

Reference groups

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16
Q

This is the total amount of a person’s assets (savings, investments, home, automobile.) less the total of various kinds of debts (amount to mortgage, car loan etc.

A

Wealth

17
Q

This is the ability to get others to do what you want them to do, even if its against their will

A

Power

18
Q

Traditional societies based on face to face relationships.

A

Gemeinschaft Societies.

19
Q

Modern societies characterized by, impersonal, distant and limited social relationships.

A

Geselleschaft Societies.

20
Q

This is the idea of a schools unofficial norms, routines and structures through which students learn various behaviors, attitudes and values.

A

Hidden Curriculum

21
Q

What would be an example of Hidden Curriculum?

A

The way schools push for an understanding of hierarchy.

22
Q

This is the theory that a specific gender due to that genders roles will be discriminated against.

A

Gendered Organizations

23
Q

This reflects the American values of efficiency, predictability, calculability, convenience, and rationality and documents the replacement of humans with non-human technology.

A

The McDonaldization of Society

24
Q

Idea that those in power manipulate the organization so that the supporters make them stay in power indefinitely.

A

Iron Law of Oligarchy

25
Q

This is a type of Bureaucrat who slavishly follows the rules of the organization to such an extent that the the ability to achieve organizational goals is subverted.

A

Bureaucratic Personality

26
Q

What is an example of Bureaucratic Personality?

A

A medical clerk required to have patients fill out lengthy forms and does not notice the urgence of medical needs for a person.

27
Q

This relates to the question of the relationship between “nature and nurture”. Development occurs because of our interaction with other humans.

A

Feral Children

28
Q

Those who do the socializing

A

Agents of Socialization

29
Q

What are the stages of Moral Development?

A
  1. Pre-Conventional: levels little concern for views of others based on punishment. (child stealing toy and not returning it)
  2. Conventional: Behavior is dependent upon approval, wide approval is interpreted as right. (significant others) looking glass self
  3. Post Conventional- few adults actually achieve this level. Morality is viewed in terms of individual rights. Based on human rights that transcend government.
30
Q

Who was behind the idea of Moral Development?

A

Kohlberg

31
Q

What is the idea behind Parkinson’s Law?

A

Work is used to fill time

32
Q

On average how much media are children exposed to daily?

A

11 hrs.

33
Q

What is your social class based on?

A

Wealth

Power

Prestige

34
Q

The milgram experiment produced what kind of findings?

A

65% did what they were told due to a perceived authority.

35
Q

What are the characteristics of a Bureaucracy?

A
  • continues series of offices each with its own purpose, and bound by set of rules
  • each office has specified sphere of competence, handle only what required to and nothing else
  • offices exist in vertical hierarchy
  • specific technical requirements and therefore must undergo training
  • those who occupy positions do not own the things needed to do the job
  • chief executives cannot take the office for their own it is part of the organization
  • Everything of formal importance is in writing
36
Q

Cooley was responsible for what?

A

“The Looking Glass Self”

  1. Imagine how people judge us
  2. Imagine their reaction
  3. Then make decision based upon that reaction
37
Q

Goffman’s idea of oneself is that?

A

We have virtual selves similar to Cooleys idea we are who we want others to think we are.

38
Q

What are Piagets stages of development?

A
  1. Sensorimotor- “out of sight out of mind”, no symbolic thought
  2. Preoperational- begins to use words as mental symbols but not translatable.
  3. Concrete Operational-Begin to take the role of others into perspective but limited.
  4. Formal Operational- Moral reasoning, thinking abstract thought, impute motives. (Game stage)
39
Q
A

Introduction to Sociology (5 decks)

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