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Introduction to Sociology > Race and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Race and Ethnicity Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This is a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in society. Perceptions of innate superiority, ability to oppress minority groups, and ability to control political power.

A

Dominant Group

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2
Q

A collection of people distinguished themselves on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics. (language and religion)

A

Ethnic Group

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3
Q

A group whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group.

A

Subordinate Group

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4
Q

A process by which members of minority groups become absorbed into the dominant culture and distinction disappears.

A

Assimilation

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5
Q

A category of people that have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of physical characteristics.

A

Race

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6
Q

The coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within a society.

A

Ethnic Pluralism.

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7
Q

Spacial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class or gender and or religion.

A

Blocked Assimilation

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8
Q

This occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group within the country.

A

Internal Colonialism

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9
Q

This is the deliberate systematic killing of of an entire people or nation.

A

Genocide

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10
Q

A negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about the members of selected racial and ethnic groups

A

Prejudice

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11
Q

A set of attitudes, beliefs and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one or more racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.

A

Racism

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12
Q

Actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group.

A

Discrimination

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13
Q

Today over _______ million americans report being “multi-racial”.

A

6.4

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14
Q

What is the term used to describe interracial marriage?

A

Miscengenation

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15
Q

What is the One-drop rule?

A

American social and legal custom of classifying anyone with one black ancestor, regardless of how black.

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16
Q

What is a non-prejudiced/ non-discriminator?

A

“all weather liberal” No thoughts of prejudice and no discrimination.

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17
Q

What is non-prejudiced discriminator?

A

“Fair weather liberal”- not prejudiced but may joke about race

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18
Q

What is a Prejudiced Non-Discriminator?

A

Fair weather bigot” telling racist jokes but still adhere to laws of discriminant action.

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19
Q

What is prejudiced Discriminator?

A

“all weather bigot”- for example= member of the KKK

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20
Q

What is the Frustration Aggression Hypothesis? Who?

A

Dollard- Unable to strike out at real source of frustration. Actions can’t be done towards frustrations. Therefore they aim their frustration “downward”.

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21
Q

The idea that a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or aggression of others.

A

Scapegoat

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22
Q

What is the Authoritarian Personality? Who?

A

Adorno- excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition and rigid stereotypic thinking.

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23
Q

This is the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own.

A

The Bogardus Scale (Social Distance)

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24
Q

Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior or other characteristics of members of a particular category.

A

Stereotypes

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25
Q

What did Bobo and Klugel find?

A

Younger and more educated score lower on the Social Distance Scale. Meaning they are less prejudiced.

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26
Q

Give some examples of stereotypes?

A

All blondes are dumb, all blacks are good at sports.

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27
Q

What is the significance of the Hartley Study?

A

People can be prejudiced towards people they’ve never met.

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28
Q

What is individual discrimination?

A

One-on-One acts by members of a superior group that harm members of a subordinate group or their property.

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29
Q

This is a day-to day practice of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.

A

Institutional Discrimination

30
Q

What are the top five cities that are the most segregated?

A

Detroit (87.6), Chicago (85.8), Cleveland (85.1), Milwaukee (82.8), New York (82.2)

31
Q

What are Feagin’s types?

A
  1. Isolate
  2. Small-Group
  3. Direct Institutionalized
  4. Indirect Institutionalized.
32
Q

What is an isolate discrimination?

A

Harmful action done by a dominant group member and is supported by other dominant group members in the immediate community.

33
Q

Give an example of isolate discrimination?

A

When a judge gives a harsher sentencing to a person of a minority group.

34
Q

What is small-group discrimination?

A

Similar to isolate, but not supported by other members of the dominant group.

35
Q

What is indirect institutionalized discrimination?

A

unintended consequences such as a special education classes that were intended for students with various disabilities.

36
Q

What is direct institutionalized discrimination?

A

Intentional exclusion of people of color from public institutions

37
Q

What is housing segregation?

A

When whites move away from their homes when blacks or latinos move in da HOOD.

38
Q

This occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group within a country.

A

Internal Colonialism

39
Q

Give an example of Internal Colonialism.

A

1830 Indian Removal Act- relocation of Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi.

40
Q

Describe what an Authoritarian personality is.

A

Excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition and rigid stereotypic thinking.

41
Q

The extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own.

A

Social Distance Scale

42
Q

To treat unequally or unfairly on the basis of race, gender, national origin, religion, or handicap.

A

Legal Discrimination

43
Q

The study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, especially by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits. Or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits.

A

Eugenics

44
Q

When a person adapts the view of the dominant-group customs, beliefs, etc.

A

Psychological assimilation

45
Q

The practice of denying, or charging more for services such as banking, insurance, access to health care, or even supermarkets, or denying jobs to residents in particular, often racially determined areas.

A

Red Lining

46
Q

The doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country.

A

Multiculturalism

47
Q

Involves the beliefs, attitudes and prejudices that reject, exclude, and vilify groups that are outsiders or foreigners to the dominant social group

A

Xenophobia

48
Q

What terms do sociologists use to describe racial and ethnic relations?

A

Dominant Group
Ethnic Group
Minority
Ethnic Pluralism

49
Q

Who created the types of discrimination and prejudice?

A

Merton

50
Q

Who had the idea behind the Authoritarian Personality Type

A

Adorno

51
Q

Which case led the US Supreme Court to strike down laws against interracial marriages?

A

Richard and Mildred Loving

52
Q

Which case by the US Supreme Court decision in upholding the laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of “Separate but Equal”?

A

Plessy V. Ferguson

53
Q

Which case decided by the U.S. Supereme court in 1954 denied Linda Brown admission to her local elementary school in Topeka because she was black?

A

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

54
Q

What is frustration aggression and who coined the term?

A

The inability to strike out at a real source of frustration. John Dollard

55
Q

What age and education level tend to be less prejudiced?

A

Younger and more educated.

56
Q

T or F?

People who are prejudiced against one group are more likely to be prejudiced towards another group.

A

True

57
Q

What is the number of people who identify as multi-racial in the last census?

A

6.4 million

58
Q

What was the last state to abolish laws against miscegenation?

A

Alabama in 2000

59
Q

What percent of people in South Carolina voted to keep anti-miscegenation laws?

A

40%

60
Q

What are the benefits for the dominate group with regard to segregation?

A

Perceptions of innate superiority, ability to oppress minority group, ability to control political power.

61
Q

How many died on the Trail of Tears?

A

4,000 Cherokees

62
Q

Is there such thing as a pure race?

A

No, neither a superior race.

63
Q

Why do we study race?

A

affects life chances, education, health, religious views, occupation, longevity.

64
Q

In 1954, for example, the Supreme Court ruled, in _____________ that racial segregation in public schools was illegal.

A. Plessy v. Ferguson
B. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C. Lovings v. United States
D. None of the Above

A

B. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

65
Q

A scale developed to measure willingness to interact with racial/ethnic groups different from one’s own is called the __________ scale.

A. Stacking
B. Race/Ethnic Differentiation
C. Social Distance
D. Prejudice Calculation Differential

A

C. Social Distance

66
Q

Genocide:

A. Occurred when Hitler attempted to destroy all Jews
B. Is the Systematic Annihilation of a race or ethnic group.
C. Is the absorption of minority groups
D. Both a and b

A

D. Both A and B

67
Q

According to Hartley, people who are prejudiced against one racial or ethnic group:

A. Usually are not prejudiced against other groups.
B. Are likely to be prejudiced against other groups
C. Usually have had negative experiences with people from that group
D. None of the above.

A

B. Are likely to be prejudiced against other groups.

  • Not due to negative experiences with people of a particular group.
68
Q

T or F?

According to Adorno, highly prejudiced people have an authoritarian personality.

A

True

69
Q

Which of the following is an example of discrimination?

A. Not hiring a person on the basis of race
B. Resenting people’s success because of their ethnicity
C. Fearing people because of their race
D. Assuming that people’s intelligence level is based on their ethnic background.

A

A. Not hiring a person on the basis of race.

70
Q

Peggy McIntosh, used the analogy of “________” to describe the unearned privileges she experiences as a result of her unearned privileges of “whiteness”.

A. Glass Ceiling
B. Pluralism
C. Invisible Knapsack
D. both A and B.

A

C. Invisible Knapsack

Introduction to Sociology (5 decks)

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