Test 2 Flashcards
overtone series
fixed pattern of intervals above a fundamental pitch
which notes in an overtone series are colored in, why
- notes 7, 11, 13, & 14
- it’s going to be out of tune than it’s equal temperament note
what do the numbers in the overtone series correspond to
- the interval above the fundamental, plus the compound/the partial above the fundamental
- 11th is a tritone above the fundamental
- doubled numbers represent the same pitch, but at a different octave
partials
-pitches above the fundamental in the overtone series
Messiaen’s Modes of Limited Transposition
- form a basis of melody and harmony
- artificial modes
- based on equal tempered chromatic scale
- each mode only has a couple of transpositions
Messiaen’s 1st Mode of limited transposition
- whole tone scale
- divides the octave into 6 equal divisions
Messiaen’s 2nd mode of limited transposition
- he uses this one the most
- C Db D Eb E F# G A Bb C
- can only exist in 3 transpositions
- half whole pattern
- octatonic scale
post-impressionistic approaches to harmony
- secundal
- quartal/quintal
- bichordal
- bitonal
- pandiatonicism
secundal harmony
- M2 & m2, microtones, clusters used to create harmony
- based on the higher partials of the overtone series
quartal/quintal
- primarily P4 & P5 used as building blocks
- can include A4/d5
- inversions of chords are included
- quintal not as common as quartile
bichordal
- 2 independent streams of chords
- planing (parallel motion)
- registral separation
- contrary motion
- not necessarily in a key
- counterpoint of harmonies
- root in the overtone series
4 common variables in bichordal music
- whether they are all diatonic
- whether the streams use chords other than triads
- whether only root position chords are used
- whether incomplete chords are used
Bitonal
- 2 or more tonal centers @ the same time
- tends to be more contrapuntal
- tonal centers defined by melodies
- melodies in different keys
- simple repetitive lines
- root in textural polyphony
Pandiatonicism
- free use of all notes of a diatonic collection (pretty much anything that is diatonic)
- no tonal center
- derives from the lowest partials of the overtone series
- heptachord 7-35
- harmony seems almost functional
Minimalism
- pandiatonic or diatonic harmony
- steady pulse
- slow harmonic rhythm
- use of repetition - loops/ostinati patterns
- phasing- 2 or more of the same pattern being out of phase with itself
- process - may be based on some sort of process which is set in motion
Bichordal composers
- Cowell
- Stravinksy
- Copland
Bitonal composers
- Ives
- Bartok
- Milhaud
Pandiatonic composers
- Riley
- Stravinsky
- Copland
- Reich
Quartal/Quintal composers
- Satie
- Copland
- Milhaud
- Bartok
- Stravinsky
Secundal composers
- Cowel
- Penderecki
- Ligeti
- Bartok
- Debussy
