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Chem 108 > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

compounds

A

pure substances composed of atoms of two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

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2
Q

ionic compounds

A

exist as aggregations of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds

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3
Q

ionic bonds

A

attractive forces between positively and negatively charged entities

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4
Q

formula units

A

the agreed upon unit of an ionic compound, consisting of the cations and anions in their smallest number ratio, linked together with ionic bonds

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5
Q

monatomic ions

A

various ions formed from one atom

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6
Q

Zinc charge

A

2+

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7
Q

Silver charge

A

+

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8
Q

chromium charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Cr2+, Chromium(II), Chromous

2. Cr3+, Chromium(III), Chromic

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9
Q

iron charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Fe2+, Iron(II), Ferrous

2. Fe3+, Iron(III), Ferric

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10
Q

colbalt charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Co2+, cobalt(II), Cobaltous

2. Co3+, cobalt(III), colbaltic

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11
Q

copper charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Cu+, Copper(I), Cuprous

2. Cu2+, Copper(II), Cupric

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12
Q

Tin charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Sn2+, Tin(II), Stannous

2. Sn4+, Tin(IV), Stannic

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13
Q

Mercury charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Hg2^2+, mercury(I), mercurous

2. Hg2+, mercury(II) mercuric

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14
Q

lead charges, names, and older names

A
  1. Pb2+, lead(II), plumbous

2. Pb4+, lead(IV), plumbic

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15
Q

how are monotomic anions named

A

replacing the suffix on the parent atom name with “ide”

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16
Q

polyatomic ions

A

“many atom” ions

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17
Q

name and formula of acetate

A

C2H3O2^-

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18
Q

name and formula of carbonate

A

CO3^2-

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19
Q

name and formula of hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

A

HCO2^-

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20
Q

name and formula of hydroxide

A

OH^-

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21
Q

name and formula of nitrite

A

NO2^-

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22
Q

name and formula of nitrate

A

NO3^-

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23
Q

name and formula of chromate

A

CrO4^2-

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24
Q

name and formula of dichromate

A

Cr2O7^2-

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25
Q

name and formula of Phosphate

A

PO4^3-

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26
Q

name and formula of hydrogen phosphate

A

HPO4^2-

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27
Q

name and formula of dihydrogen phosphate

A

H2PO4^-

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28
Q

name and formula of ammonium

A

NH4^+

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29
Q

name and formula of hypochlorite

A

ClO^-

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30
Q

name and formula of chlorite

A

ClO2^-

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31
Q

name and formula of chlorate

A

ClO3^-

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32
Q

perchlorate name and formula

A

ClO4^-

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33
Q

name and formula of permanganate

A

MnO4^-

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34
Q

name and formula of sulfite

A

SO3^2-

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35
Q

hydrogen sulfate (bisulfite)

A

HSO4^-

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36
Q

name and formula of sulfate

A

SO4^2-

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37
Q

name and formula of hydrogen sulfate

A

HSO4^-

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38
Q

name and formula of cyanide

A

CN^-

39
Q

name and formula of peroxide

A

O2^2-

40
Q

“ite” suggests

A

fewer oxygen atoms

41
Q

“ate” suggests

A

more oxygen atoms

42
Q

hydrates

A

ionic compounds which contain loosely associated water molecules

43
Q

mono

A

1

44
Q

di

A

2

45
Q

tri

A

3

46
Q

tetra

A

4

47
Q

penta

A

5

48
Q

hexa

A

6

49
Q

hepta

A

7

50
Q

octa

A

8

51
Q

nona

A

9

52
Q

deca

A

10

53
Q

rules for naming molecular compounds

A
  1. more metal like element is usually first.

2. prefix of the first element followed by prefix name of second element with suffix changed to “ide”

54
Q

acids

A

molecular compounds which release hydrogen cations when dissolved in water

55
Q

binary acids

A

contain 2 different elements, hydrogen and one other nonmetal

56
Q

hydrogen fluoride (HF) when a pure gas to dissolved in water

A

hydrofluoric acid

57
Q

hydrogen chloride (HCl) when a pure gas to dissolved in water

A

hydrochloric acid

58
Q

hydrogen bromide (HBr) when a pure gas to dissolved in water

A

hydrobromic acid

59
Q

hydrogen iodide (HI) when a pure gas to dissolved in water

A

hydroiodic acid

60
Q

molecular compounds

A

often composed of atoms of two or more nonmetals

61
Q

oxyacids

A

compounds whose molecules contain hydrogen, oxygen, and one other elements

62
Q

formula for nitrous acid

A

HNO2

63
Q

formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

64
Q

formula for sulfurous acid

A

H2SO3

65
Q

formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

66
Q

formula for acetic acid

A

HC2H3O2

67
Q

formula for hypochlorous acid

A

HClO

68
Q

formula for chlorous acid

A

HClO2

69
Q

formula for chloric acid

A

HClO3

70
Q

formula for perchloric acid

A

HClO4

71
Q

ite ending suggests

A

ous acid

72
Q

ate ending suggests

A

ic acid

73
Q

structural formulas

A

give most info as they depict the atom attachments

74
Q

molecular formulas

A

give only the number of atoms of each type in one molecule of the compound, not the atom attachments

75
Q

empirical formulas

A

give the least amount of info, the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each type in one molecule

76
Q

mole

A

Si unit of amount

77
Q

Avogrados number

A

6.022 x 10^23

78
Q

formula mass

A

the average mass of its molecules (if the compound was molecular) or the average mass of its formula units ( if the compound is ionic). it is simply the sum of all the atomic masses of all the same atoms in the molecule or formula unit

79
Q

molar mass of a compound

A

the mass of one mole of its molecules (if the compound is molecular), or the mass of 1 mole of its formula units (if the compond is ionic)

80
Q

mass percentage

A

percentage of the compounds total mass for which the element is responsible

81
Q

limiting reactant

A

produces the least amount of product

82
Q

excess reactant

A

left over product at end of a reaction

83
Q

theoretical yield

A

maximum amt of product that can be made from specified amounts of reactants

84
Q

actual yield

A

experimental amt of product made, always less than or = to the theoretical yield

85
Q

percent yield

A

actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

86
Q

solution

A

homogenous mixture

87
Q

solute

A

the substance being dissolved

88
Q

solvent

A

the substance doing the dissolving

89
Q

aqueous solution

A

a liquid solution in which the solvent is water

90
Q

concentration

A

an expression of how much solute is present

91
Q

molarity formula

A

mol solute / liters of solution

92
Q

most common way to express solution concentration

A

molarity

93
Q

dilution equation

A

C1V1=C2V2

Chem 108 (4 decks)

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