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Biology 1107 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Fractionation

A

Takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another.

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2
Q

Cytosol

A

a semifluid, jellylike substance, which subcellular components are suspended.

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3
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

The DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane enclosed called nucleoid.

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The inner part of the cell.

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5
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the entire cell.

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6
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

encloses the nocuous, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.

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7
Q

Nuclear Lamina

A

A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.

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8
Q

Chromatin

A

The complex of DNA and proteins making up chrisoms is called chromatin.

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9
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains DNA

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

made of ribosomal DNA and protein, they are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis.

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A

It carries out synthesis of lipid, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs poisons and storage of calcium ions.

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12
Q

Rough ER

A

synthesizes Proteins

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13
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

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14
Q

Transport Vesical

A

Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another part of the cell.

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15
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Here products of the ER such as proteins are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations.

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16
Q

Lysosome

A

a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules

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17
Q

Phagocytosis

A

when a cell eats a smaller organism or food particle by engulfing it.

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18
Q

Vacuoles

A

storage for the cell

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19
Q

Central Vacuole

A

found in plant cells, it develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles.

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Sites of cellular respiration

21
Q

Chloroplast

A

found it plants and algae and is the site of photosynthesis

22
Q

Endosymbiont theory

A

States that mitochondria used not to be in plant and animals cells until a long tome ago.

23
Q

Cristae

A

The inner membrane of the of mitochondria that divides the mitochondria into two internal compartments.

24
Q

Mitochondrial Matrix

A

Is the space enclosed in the inner membrane.

25
Q

Thylakoid

A

interconnected sacs where photosynthesis takes place.

26
Q

Granum

A

A stack of thylakoids

27
Q

stroma

A

Fluid inside chloroplast.

28
Q

Peroxisome

A

a specialized metabolic compartment bounded to a single membrane.

29
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow rods constructed from a globular proteins called tubulin.

30
Q

Centrosomes

A

microtubules grow out from a centrosome, a regions that is often near the nucleus .

31
Q

Centrioles

A

Each composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged into a ring.

32
Q

Motion of flagella

A

A flagellum usually undulates, its snakes like motion driving a cell in the same direction as the axis of the flagellum

33
Q

Motion of Cilia

A

Back and forth motion.

34
Q

basal body

A

the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is structurally very similar to a centriole, w/ microtubule tripulets in a 9+0

35
Q

Dyneins

A

Bending involves these, that are attached ailing each outer microtubule doublet.

36
Q

Microfilaments

A

aha actin filaments, are solid rods

37
Q

Cortex

A

the semisolid consistency of a gel in contrast with the more fluid state of the interior cytoplasm.

38
Q

Myosin

A

interact to cause contractions of muscle cells

39
Q

Pesudopodia

A

the cell crawling along a surface by extending cellular extensions called pesudopodia

40
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming

A

a circular flow of cytoplasm within a cell

41
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

a diverse class of cytoskeletion

42
Q

Cell wall

A

an extracellular structure of plant cells

43
Q

Secondary Cell wall

A

Between plasma membrane and primary cell wall

44
Q

extra cellular matrix

A

things ouside the cell

45
Q

collagen

A

forms srong fibers outside the cell, woven in between proteoglycnas

46
Q

Fibronectin

A

bind to cell surface receptors called integrins that are built into the plasma membrain

47
Q

Tight junctions

A

“sticky note”

48
Q

Desmosomes

A

“E-mail”

49
Q

Gap Junction

A

“Facebook Status”

Biology 1107 (3 decks)

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