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Biology 1107 > Evolution, the themes of Biology, and scientific Inquiry > Flashcards

Evolution, the themes of Biology, and scientific Inquiry Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution

A

the process of change that has transformed life on earth form its earliest beginning to the diversity of organisms living today.

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2
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life.

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3
Q

Characteristics of living things.

A 
order
energy processing 
evolutionary adaptation
Growth and development
response to environment 
regulation 
reproduction
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4
Q

levels of Biological organization

A 
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Communities
Populations
Organisms 
Organ systems
organs
Tissues 
Cells 
Organelles
Molecules
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5
Q

Biosphere

A

the entire eath

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6
Q

Ecosytems

A

Consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with with life interacts, such as soil water atmospheric gases, and light.

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7
Q

Communities

A

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

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8
Q

Populations

A

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.

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9
Q

Organisms

A

Individual living things.

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10
Q

Organ and organ system

A

organs make up organ systems and organ systems cooperate to preform a larger function.

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11
Q

Tissues

A

A group of cells that work together, preforming a specialized function.

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12
Q

cells

A

fundamental unit of life.

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13
Q

Organelles

A

functional parts that make up and preform a specific job in a cell.

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14
Q

Molecules

A

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units celled atoms .

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15
Q

Reductionism

A

Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.

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16
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Due to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases.

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17
Q

Why do we study both form and function?

A

To see how they relate and what advantages they give the organism.

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18
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Contains membrane-enclosed organelles and/or a nucleus.

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19
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Does not contain a nucleus and/or is membrane-enclosed.

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20
Q

DNA

A

structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of DNA.

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21
Q

Genes

A

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.

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22
Q

Gene expression

A

The entire process by which the information on a gene directs manufacture of a cellular product.

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23
Q

Genome

A

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

•the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. “the library”

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24
Q

Gemomics

A

An approach that investigating a single gene at a time, researchers study whole sets of genes ( or other DNA) in one or more species.

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25
Q

Proteomics

A

Refers to the study of sets or proteins and their properties.

26
Q

Proteome

A

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells.

27
Q

Bioinformatics

A

the use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughput methods.

28
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that use chemical energy in the food molecules is then passed along by plants and other photosynthetic organism to consumers.

29
Q

Consumers

A

Organism, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers.

30
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Homeostasis

31
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Application

32
Q

Evolution, the core of Biology

A

The theory (which is wrong) that all organism come from a common ancestors.

33
Q

Classifying Life

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus
Species
34
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now classified into multiple kingdoms.

35
Q

Domain Archaea

A

a prokaryotes that lives in Earth’s extreme environment such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs.

36
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

This domain includes three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryote: kingdom plantae, fungi, and Animalia.

37
Q

What kingdoms are in Eukarya

A

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protists
Kingdom Animalia

38
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A

Consists of terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes (land plants) that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy is food.

39
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

defined in part by the nutritional mode of it members, which absorbs nutrients from the outside their bodies.

40
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms.

41
Q

Protisits

A

are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relative simple multicellular relatives

42
Q

Natural selection

A

Natures way of “editing” what organism live and what organism by determining what traits get passed on and which ones don’t.

43
Q

Darwin’s first observation

A

individuals in a population vary on their traits many which seem to be heritable (passed on from parents to offspring’s)

44
Q

Darwin’s second observation

A

A population can produce far more offspring’s than can survive to produce offspring’s of their own.

45
Q

Darwin’s third observation

A

Species generally suit their environment— in other words, they are adapted to their environment .

46
Q

Evolutionary adaptation

A

In biology, an adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection.

47
Q

Inquiry

A

A search of information and explanations of natural phenomena.

48
Q

Data

A

Recorded observations

49
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Collecting and analyzing observations can lead to important conclusions based on type of logic.

50
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative answer to a well framed question—an explanation trial.

51
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

involves logic that flows in the opposite direction, from general to specific.

52
Q

Experiment

A

involves manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it.

53
Q

Variables

A

factors that vary in an experiment.

54
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

One that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group.

55
Q

Independent Variable

A

the control

56
Q

dependent variable

A

a factor that is measured in the experiment.

57
Q

theory

A

an idea that is very well accepted.

ex: evolutionary adaptions arise by to natural selection.

58
Q

Model Organism

A

A species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the question being investigated.

59
Q

technology

A

used to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose.

60
Q

epidermal tissue

A

top of the tissue

Biology 1107 (3 decks)

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