Evolution, the themes of Biology, and scientific Inquiry

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

the process of change that has transformed life on earth form its earliest beginning to the diversity of organisms living today.

Question 2

Biology

Answer 2

The scientific study of life.

Question 3

Characteristics of living things.

Answer 3

order
energy processing 
evolutionary adaptation
Growth and development
response to environment 
regulation 
reproduction

Question 4

levels of Biological organization

Answer 4

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Communities
Populations
Organisms 
Organ systems
organs
Tissues 
Cells 
Organelles
Molecules

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

the entire eath

Question 6

Ecosytems

Answer 6

Consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with with life interacts, such as soil water atmospheric gases, and light.

Question 7

Communities

Answer 7

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

Question 8

Populations

Answer 8

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.

Question 9

Organisms

Answer 9

Individual living things.

Question 10

Organ and organ system

Answer 10

organs make up organ systems and organ systems cooperate to preform a larger function.

Question 11

Tissues

Answer 11

A group of cells that work together, preforming a specialized function.

Question 12

cells

Answer 12

fundamental unit of life.

Question 13

Organelles

Answer 13

functional parts that make up and preform a specific job in a cell.

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units celled atoms .

Question 15

Reductionism

Answer 15

Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.

Question 16

Emergent Properties

Answer 16

Due to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases.

Question 17

Why do we study both form and function?

Answer 17

To see how they relate and what advantages they give the organism.

Question 18

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 18

Contains membrane-enclosed organelles and/or a nucleus.

Question 19

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 19

Does not contain a nucleus and/or is membrane-enclosed.

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 21

Genes

Answer 21

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.

Question 22

Gene expression

Answer 22

The entire process by which the information on a gene directs manufacture of a cellular product.

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

•the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. “the library”

Question 24

Gemomics

Answer 24

An approach that investigating a single gene at a time, researchers study whole sets of genes ( or other DNA) in one or more species.

Question 25

Proteomics

Answer 25

Refers to the study of sets or proteins and their properties.

Question 26

Proteome

Answer 26

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells.

Question 27

Bioinformatics

Answer 27

the use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughput methods.

Question 28

Producers

Answer 28

Organisms that use chemical energy in the food molecules is then passed along by plants and other photosynthetic organism to consumers.

Question 29

Consumers

Answer 29

Organism, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers.

Question 30

Negative Feedback

Answer 30

Homeostasis

Question 31

Positive Feedback

Answer 31

Application

Question 32

Evolution, the core of Biology

Answer 32

The theory (which is wrong) that all organism come from a common ancestors.

Question 33

Classifying Life

Answer 33

``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 34

Domain Bacteria

Answer 34

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now classified into multiple kingdoms.

Question 35

Domain Archaea

Answer 35

a prokaryotes that lives in Earth's extreme environment such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs.

Question 36

Domain Eukarya

Answer 36

This domain includes three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryote: kingdom plantae, fungi, and Animalia.

Question 37

What kingdoms are in Eukarya

Answer 37

Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protists Kingdom Animalia

Question 38

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 38

Consists of terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes (land plants) that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy is food.

Question 39

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 39

defined in part by the nutritional mode of it members, which absorbs nutrients from the outside their bodies.

Question 40

Kingdom Animalia

Answer 40

Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms.

Question 41

Protisits

Answer 41

are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relative simple multicellular relatives

Question 42

Natural selection

Answer 42

Natures way of "editing" what organism live and what organism by determining what traits get passed on and which ones don't.

Question 43

Darwin's first observation

Answer 43

individuals in a population vary on their traits many which seem to be heritable (passed on from parents to offspring's)

Question 44

Darwin's second observation

Answer 44

A population can produce far more offspring's than can survive to produce offspring's of their own.

Question 45

Darwin's third observation

Answer 45

Species generally suit their environment--- in other words, they are adapted to their environment .

Question 46

Evolutionary adaptation

Answer 46

In biology, an adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection.

Question 47

Inquiry

Answer 47

A search of information and explanations of natural phenomena.

Question 48

Data

Answer 48

Recorded observations

Question 49

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 49

Collecting and analyzing observations can lead to important conclusions based on type of logic.

Question 50

Hypothesis

Answer 50

A tentative answer to a well framed question---an explanation trial.

Question 51

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 51

involves logic that flows in the opposite direction, from general to specific.

Question 52

Experiment

Answer 52

involves manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it.

Question 53

Variables

Answer 53

factors that vary in an experiment.

Question 54

Controlled Experiment

Answer 54

One that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group.

Question 55

Independent Variable

Answer 55

the control

Question 56

dependent variable

Answer 56

a factor that is measured in the experiment.

Question 57

theory

Answer 57

an idea that is very well accepted. | ex: evolutionary adaptions arise by to natural selection.

Question 58

Model Organism

Answer 58

A species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the question being investigated.

Question 59

technology

Answer 59

used to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose.

Question 60

epidermal tissue

Answer 60

top of the tissue