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US Government > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

obscenity

A

incite unwholesome sexual desire/offensive sexual conduct/with no literary,artistic, or political value

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2
Q

5 Rights of Accused/Limits Conduct Police/Prosecutors

A
  1. no unreasonable/unwarranted search/seizure 2. no arrest without probable cause 3. no coercive confession or illegal interrogation 4. no entrapment 5. upon questioning, the suspect must be read their rights
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3
Q

school voucher

A

educational certificate to use public funds for chosen school

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4
Q

public interest group

A

interest group formed for the purpose of working for the public good

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5
Q

types of interest groups

A

business, trade, agriculture, labor, public sector, professional, ideological, environmental, single issue, governmental

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6
Q

racial profiling

A

discrimination where police assume that people of a certain race are more likely to commit crimes

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7
Q

busing

A

transporting public school students to schools outside their neighborhoods to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns

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8
Q

hispanic american faced discrimination with

A

“English Only” laws

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9
Q

self incrimination

A

providing damaging info or testimony against oneself in court

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10
Q

interest group

A

organized group sharing common objectives who attempt to influence policymakers

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11
Q

trade organization

A

an association formed by members of a particular industry to develop common standards and goals for the industry

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12
Q

civil rights act 1964

A

forbade discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin

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13
Q

civil rights

A

rights of all americans/equal treatment

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14
Q

libel

A

published falsehood about a person

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15
Q

labor interest groups

A

lobby to improve working conditions and wages for union members AFL-CIO/11% of labor force

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16
Q

elite theory

A

govt controlled by wealthiest members of society

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17
Q

strict scrutiny standard

A

US courts use/hierarchy of standards/ weigh constitutional rights against the government’s interest and must be narrowly tailored to meet it.

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18
Q

sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination

A

community faces discrimination in employment,wages, housing, marriage, custody of children, hospitals, military, public displays of affection

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19
Q

assembly/how it’s limited?

A

In time, place, and manner/like blasting music in the middle of the night

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20
Q

free rider problem

A

difficulty that exists when individuals can enjoy outcome of interest group’s efforts without contributing

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21
Q

age based discrimination

A

prohibited against workers over 40

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22
Q

solidary incentive

A

joining an interest group for pleasure

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23
Q

writ of habeus corpus

A

an order that requires an official to bring a prisoner to court with explanation of why/to keep leaders from throwing enemies in jail.

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24
Q

civil disobedience

A

deliberate and public act refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust

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25
Q

seditious speech

A

speech that urges resistance to lawful authority

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26
Q

reverse discrimination

A

discrimination against those with no minority status

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27
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

1973 supreme court legalization of abortion

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28
Q

physician assisted suicide

A

supreme court upheld states rights to decide/oregon has right to die.

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29
Q

quota system

A

policy under which a specific number of jobs, promotions are given to members of selected groups

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30
Q

affirmative action

A

policy gives special consideration for jobs and college admissions to groups that have been discriminated against.

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31
Q

probable cause

A

cause to believe someone is has commited or is about to commit a crime

32
Q

direct lobbying technique

A

method for interest groups to interact with govt officials directly to further their goals

33
Q

lobbying

A

all attempts by orgs or individuals to influence the passage or defeat legislation or to influence govt decisions

34
Q

symbolic speech

A

expression of beliefs involving actions and other nonverbal expressions

35
Q

sit-in

A

demonstrators sit non-violently for a cause. sit until demands are met.

36
Q

1954/brown v board of ed

A

reversed plessy v. ferguson/court held that segregation by race in public education is unconstitutional

37
Q

sexual harrassment

A

unwanted physical or verbal contact, or abuse of a sexual nature

38
Q

fundamental rights

A

no basic rights of americans, like 1st amendment rights, can be infringed upon

39
Q

free exercise of religion clause

A

the provision of the first amendment stating that the govt can’t pass laws prohibiting the free exercise of religion

40
Q

prior restraint/freedom of the press

A

meaning stopping an activity before it happens/involves censorship/an official removes objectional materials fore published or broadcasted

41
Q

feminism

A

doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women

42
Q

assembly/how it’s limited?

A

in time, place, and manner/like blasting music in the middle of the night

43
Q

slander

A

a statement of hatred or contempt about a person spoken in public

44
Q

civil rights movement

A

movements in 50’s and 60’s

45
Q

6 Rights of Accused/Defendant Pretrial

A
  1. Writ of Habeas Corpus 2. prompt arraignment 3. legal counsel 4. reasonable bail 5. informed of charges 6. right to remain silent
46
Q

PAC-Political action committee

A

committee established by a corporation or special interest to raise funds and make campaign contributions on that corporation’s behalf

47
Q

civil liberties

A

individual rights protected by the constitution against the powers of the government.

48
Q

due process of law

A

requirement that the govt use fair, reasonable , and standard procedures when taking legal action against an in individual.

49
Q

revolving door

A

refers to those who leave the federal govt and then return as lobbyist for the groups they helped to regulate

50
Q

suffrage

A

women get the right to vote

51
Q

agricultural interest groups

A

work to make agriculture stronger/to pass policies good for agriculture and to get subsidies

52
Q

no prayer in public schools

A

in this country it is no part o the business of govt to compose official prayers for any group of the american people

53
Q

establishment of religion clause

A

Forbids the natl govt from establishing an official religion (or prayer in public schools)

54
Q

evolution vs creationism

A

religious groups oppose evolution to be taught in public schools. even though there is overwhelming scientific proof.

55
Q

indirect lobbying technique

A

any method used by interest groups to influence govt officials thru third parties like voters. shape public opinion/grass roots organizing

56
Q

bill of attainder

A

a legislative act that inflicts punishment on particular persons or groups without granting right to trial.

57
Q

dejure segregation

A

racial segregation that occurs because laws by govt agencies

58
Q

issue ads

A

ads by political parties/free speech by supreme court/so unlimited soft money can be spent by these groups independent of political campaigns

59
Q

separate but equal doctrine

A

supreme court doctrine holding equal protection clause /it did not forbid racial discrimination as long as facilities for blacks were equal to those of whites.

60
Q

lobbyist

A

individual who handles a particular interest group’s lobbying efforts

61
Q

material incentive

A

joining a group for practical benefits (discounts,group insurance)

62
Q

suspect classification

A

a classification, such as race, that provides the basis for a discriminatory law.

63
Q

pluralist theory

A

theory that views politics as contest among interest groups to gain benefits for their members/many groups

64
Q

strict scrutiny standard

A

standard under which a law or action is necessary to promote states interests and must be narrowly tailored to meet it.

65
Q

8 Rights of Accused/Trial Rights

A
  1. speedy/public trial by jury 2. impartial jury selected from cross-section of community 3. adequate counsel 4. no coerced self-incrimination 5. trial atmosphere free of prejudice/fear/outside interference 6. no cruel/unusual punishment 7. right to appeal charges 8. no double jeopardy
66
Q

exclusionary rule

A

a rule stating that illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in court

67
Q

ex post facto law

A

a criminal law that punishes individuals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed.

68
Q

commercial speech

A

advertising statements that describe products (receives less protection than ordinary speech)

69
Q

native american’s discrimination

A

harshest discrimination/extermination by president andrew jackson/trail of tears-rounded up indians and relocated them to reservations

70
Q

de facto segregation

A

racial segregation from social,economic,residential affects

71
Q

due process clause

A

constitutional guarantee in 5th and 14th amendments/the government will not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property.

72
Q

rating system

A

system where a particular interest group evaluates the performance of legislators based on how often they have voted with that group’s position

73
Q

imminent lawless action test

A

current supreme court doctrine for assessing subversive speech (inciting lawless action)

74
Q

purposive incentive

A

joining an interest group because a cause you believe in

75
Q

equal protection clause

A

sec 1/14th amend/no state will deny equal protection of the law in jurisdiction

76
Q

double jeopardy

A

prosecution of a person for the same crime/prohibited by 5th amendment

77
Q

bill of attainder

A

a legislative act of declaring a person or group guilty without granting right to a trial.

US Government (5 decks)

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