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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

obscenity

A

incite unwholesome sexual desire/offensive sexual conduct/with no literary,artistic, or political value

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2
Q

5 Rights of Accused/Limits Conduct Police/Prosecutors

A
  1. no unreasonable/unwarranted search/seizure 2. no arrest without probable cause 3. no coercive confession or illegal interrogation 4. no entrapment 5. upon questioning, the suspect must be read their rights
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3
Q

school voucher

A

educational certificate to use public funds for chosen school

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4
Q

public interest group

A

interest group formed for the purpose of working for the public good

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5
Q

types of interest groups

A

business, trade, agriculture, labor, public sector, professional, ideological, environmental, single issue, governmental

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6
Q

racial profiling

A

discrimination where police assume that people of a certain race are more likely to commit crimes

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7
Q

busing

A

transporting public school students to schools outside their neighborhoods to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns

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8
Q

hispanic american faced discrimination with

A

“English Only” laws

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9
Q

self incrimination

A

providing damaging info or testimony against oneself in court

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10
Q

interest group

A

organized group sharing common objectives who attempt to influence policymakers

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11
Q

trade organization

A

an association formed by members of a particular industry to develop common standards and goals for the industry

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12
Q

civil rights act 1964

A

forbade discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin

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13
Q

civil rights

A

rights of all americans/equal treatment

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14
Q

libel

A

published falsehood about a person

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15
Q

labor interest groups

A

lobby to improve working conditions and wages for union members AFL-CIO/11% of labor force

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16
Q

elite theory

A

govt controlled by wealthiest members of society

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17
Q

strict scrutiny standard

A

US courts use/hierarchy of standards/ weigh constitutional rights against the government’s interest and must be narrowly tailored to meet it.

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18
Q

sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination

A

community faces discrimination in employment,wages, housing, marriage, custody of children, hospitals, military, public displays of affection

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19
Q

assembly/how it’s limited?

A

In time, place, and manner/like blasting music in the middle of the night

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20
Q

free rider problem

A

difficulty that exists when individuals can enjoy outcome of interest group’s efforts without contributing

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21
Q

age based discrimination

A

prohibited against workers over 40

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22
Q

solidary incentive

A

joining an interest group for pleasure

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23
Q

writ of habeus corpus

A

an order that requires an official to bring a prisoner to court with explanation of why/to keep leaders from throwing enemies in jail.

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24
Q

civil disobedience

A

deliberate and public act refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust

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25
seditious speech
speech that urges resistance to lawful authority
26
reverse discrimination
discrimination against those with no minority status
27
Roe v. Wade
1973 supreme court legalization of abortion
28
physician assisted suicide
supreme court upheld states rights to decide/oregon has right to die.
29
quota system
policy under which a specific number of jobs, promotions are given to members of selected groups
30
affirmative action
policy gives special consideration for jobs and college admissions to groups that have been discriminated against.
31
probable cause
cause to believe someone is has commited or is about to commit a crime
32
direct lobbying technique
method for interest groups to interact with govt officials directly to further their goals
33
lobbying
all attempts by orgs or individuals to influence the passage or defeat legislation or to influence govt decisions
34
symbolic speech
expression of beliefs involving actions and other nonverbal expressions
35
sit-in
demonstrators sit non-violently for a cause. sit until demands are met.
36
1954/brown v board of ed
reversed plessy v. ferguson/court held that segregation by race in public education is unconstitutional
37
sexual harrassment
unwanted physical or verbal contact, or abuse of a sexual nature
38
fundamental rights
no basic rights of americans, like 1st amendment rights, can be infringed upon
39
free exercise of religion clause
the provision of the first amendment stating that the govt can't pass laws prohibiting the free exercise of religion
40
prior restraint/freedom of the press
meaning stopping an activity before it happens/involves censorship/an official removes objectional materials fore published or broadcasted
41
feminism
doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women
42
assembly/how it's limited?
in time, place, and manner/like blasting music in the middle of the night
43
slander
a statement of hatred or contempt about a person spoken in public
44
civil rights movement
movements in 50's and 60's
45
6 Rights of Accused/Defendant Pretrial
1. Writ of Habeas Corpus 2. prompt arraignment 3. legal counsel 4. reasonable bail 5. informed of charges 6. right to remain silent
46
PAC-Political action committee
committee established by a corporation or special interest to raise funds and make campaign contributions on that corporation's behalf
47
civil liberties
individual rights protected by the constitution against the powers of the government.
48
due process of law
requirement that the govt use fair, reasonable , and standard procedures when taking legal action against an in individual.
49
revolving door
refers to those who leave the federal govt and then return as lobbyist for the groups they helped to regulate
50
suffrage
women get the right to vote
51
agricultural interest groups
work to make agriculture stronger/to pass policies good for agriculture and to get subsidies
52
no prayer in public schools
in this country it is no part o the business of govt to compose official prayers for any group of the american people
53
establishment of religion clause
Forbids the natl govt from establishing an official religion (or prayer in public schools)
54
evolution vs creationism
religious groups oppose evolution to be taught in public schools. even though there is overwhelming scientific proof.
55
indirect lobbying technique
any method used by interest groups to influence govt officials thru third parties like voters. shape public opinion/grass roots organizing
56
bill of attainder
a legislative act that inflicts punishment on particular persons or groups without granting right to trial.
57
dejure segregation
racial segregation that occurs because laws by govt agencies
58
issue ads
ads by political parties/free speech by supreme court/so unlimited soft money can be spent by these groups independent of political campaigns
59
separate but equal doctrine
supreme court doctrine holding equal protection clause /it did not forbid racial discrimination as long as facilities for blacks were equal to those of whites.
60
lobbyist
individual who handles a particular interest group's lobbying efforts
61
material incentive
joining a group for practical benefits (discounts,group insurance)
62
suspect classification
a classification, such as race, that provides the basis for a discriminatory law.
63
pluralist theory
theory that views politics as contest among interest groups to gain benefits for their members/many groups
64
strict scrutiny standard
standard under which a law or action is necessary to promote states interests and must be narrowly tailored to meet it.
65
8 Rights of Accused/Trial Rights
1. speedy/public trial by jury 2. impartial jury selected from cross-section of community 3. adequate counsel 4. no coerced self-incrimination 5. trial atmosphere free of prejudice/fear/outside interference 6. no cruel/unusual punishment 7. right to appeal charges 8. no double jeopardy
66
exclusionary rule
a rule stating that illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in court
67
ex post facto law
a criminal law that punishes individuals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed.
68
commercial speech
advertising statements that describe products (receives less protection than ordinary speech)
69
native american's discrimination
harshest discrimination/extermination by president andrew jackson/trail of tears-rounded up indians and relocated them to reservations
70
de facto segregation
racial segregation from social,economic,residential affects
71
due process clause
constitutional guarantee in 5th and 14th amendments/the government will not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property.
72
rating system
system where a particular interest group evaluates the performance of legislators based on how often they have voted with that group's position
73
imminent lawless action test
current supreme court doctrine for assessing subversive speech (inciting lawless action)
74
purposive incentive
joining an interest group because a cause you believe in
75
equal protection clause
sec 1/14th amend/no state will deny equal protection of the law in jurisdiction
76
double jeopardy
prosecution of a person for the same crime/prohibited by 5th amendment
77
bill of attainder
a legislative act of declaring a person or group guilty without granting right to a trial.

US Government (5 decks)

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