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US Government > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Conservatism

A

Set of beliefs/limited role for natl govt, support for traditional values and lifestyles.

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2
Q

Political Culture

A

Set of shared values and ideas about govt.

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3
Q

expressed powers

A

constitutional or statutory powers provided by the us constitution (collect taxes,coin money,regulate commerce,foreign affairs)

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4
Q

concurrent powers

A

overlapping powers for state and natl

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5
Q

confederal

A

states have all power/independent sovereignty

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6
Q

Judicial Branch

A

Interprets Laws/Can declare executive action and legislative acts unconstitutional (by judicial review)

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7
Q

federalists

A

political group that supported creating a federal form of govt/adoption of constitution/leg by alexander hamilton/john adams.

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8
Q

2 methods of ratifying proposed amendment

A
  1. 3/4 of the state legislature 2. special convention by states to ratify (need 3/4 of states needed.
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9
Q

progressivism

A

Alternative term for liberalism

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10
Q

The three-fifths compromise

A

each slave to be counted as 3/5 of a person when counting the population.

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11
Q

Representative Democracy

A

The will of the majority is expressed through groups of individuals elected by the people to act as representatives.

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12
Q

Power

A

The ability to be able to influence the behavior of others , usually by force, persuasion, or rewards.

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13
Q

Socialism

A

Lies to the left of liberalism on political spectrum.

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14
Q

fiscal federalism

A

allocation of taxes collected by one level of govt

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15
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

Rebellion of angry farmers in western Mass./economic depression/inflation/leg by war capt. daniel shays

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16
Q

anti-federalists

A

opposed the adoption of the constitution

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17
Q

checks and balances

A

each of 3 branches is given the means to check the actions of the others.

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18
Q

block grants

A

federal grant given to a state for a broad area/state has more say over how it is spent

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19
Q

inherent powers

A

powers of natl govt that are necessary to ensure the nation’s integrity and survival (not expressly granted in the constitution)

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20
Q

veto power

A

power that enables pres or governor to reject legislation and return it to the legislature

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21
Q

Autocracy

A

A form of government in which power and authority of the government is in the hands of a single person.

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22
Q

categorical grants

A

LBJ started-federal money for projects but had to be integrated (not for anything involved in segregation)

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23
Q

Social Contract

A

Voluntary agreement among individuals to create a govt to secure protection and welfare of all (laws to govern themselves/mayflower compact)

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24
Q

dual federalism

A

system of govt where federal and state govts maintain diverse but sovereign powers

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25
Q

Tea Party Movement

A

Grassroots conservative movement after obama became pres/opposes big government and high taxation, rejects political compromise.

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26
Q

police powers

A

powers of govt body to create laws for health, safety, morals (reserved for the states)

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27
Q

Conservative movement

A

Ideological movement arose 1950’s an 60’s and continues to shape conservative beliefs.

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28
Q

First continental congress

A

A gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies.

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29
Q

Executive Branch

A

Enforces Laws/Appoints members of supreme courts/Can veto legislation from Legislative Branch

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30
Q

federal system

A

division of powers between central and regional govts.

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31
Q

Liberal

A

Set of beliefs/Advocacy of active government and government intervention to improve welfare and protect civil rights.

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32
Q

new deal

A

FDR 1933-policies ushered in by FDR admin to bring us out of the great depression

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33
Q

madisonian model

A

by james madison/powers of govt separated into 3 branches/leg/exec/jud

34
Q

separation of powers

A

principle of dividing powers amongst the 3 branches

35
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Political decisions are made by the people themselves and not elected representatives.

36
Q

Devine Right Theory

A

God given right to rule (King George III)

37
Q

cooperative federalism

A

model of federalism where state and federal govt cooperate in solving problems

38
Q

moderates

A

people who fall in the middle of political spectrum.

39
Q

competitive federalism

A

model of federalism where state and local govts compete for businesses and citizens, who move to jurisdictions that offer competitive advantage

40
Q

The great compromise

A

large and small states fight for representation. one chamber would rep each state equally and the other would be based on population.

41
Q

unitary

A

central or natl govt has power over the states

42
Q

faction

A

group of persons forming a cohesive minority (protect minority rights)

43
Q

rule of law

A

those who govern to also obey the law (no one above the law).

44
Q

bicameral legislature

A

legislature made up of two chambers. (based on population/Virginia plan)

45
Q

Politics

A

The process of resolving conflicts over how society should use its resources (who gets what, when, where, how).

46
Q

devolution of powers

A

powers back to the states from the federal govt

47
Q

confederation

A

league of independent states united to achieve common goals.

48
Q

constitutional convention

A

convention of delegates from the states held in philly to address the problems of the the nation.

49
Q

Legislative Branch

A

Congress passes Laws/Congress can impeach and remove judges and a president from office/Override presidential veto/Senate confirms presidential appointments and ratifies treaties

50
Q

secession

A

act of formally withdrawing from an alliance (like from the union in the civil war)

51
Q

Monarchy

A

Form of autocracy with a king, queen, emperor, empress, tsar, or tsarina is the highest authority.

52
Q

Dictator

A

Form of government in which absolute power is by an individual or group not cysupported by tradition (rule by force).

53
Q

preemptive

A

doctrine that makes natl laws supreme over conflicting state laws (like clean air and water standards)

54
Q

Bill of Rights

A

1st ten amendments to the constitution that lists freedoms: speech/press/religion/assembly/rights of criminally accused.

55
Q

Parliament

A

Name of of national legislative body in countries governed by parliamentary system (Britain,Canada).

56
Q

federalism

A

shared sovereingnty between two levels of government (between natl & state levels)

57
Q

Liberty

A

freedom of individuals to believe, act and express themselves as long as it doesn’t infringe on others.

58
Q

Limited Govt

A

Powers of the government are very limited either thru written document or wide public understanding using institutional checks.

59
Q

Democracy

A

Form of Govt. where people have ultimate political authority (rule by the people).

60
Q

implied powers

A

implied powers of federal govt expressed in the constitution

61
Q

Libertarianism

A

Belief that govt should do as little as possible (regulating morality and personal behavior and the economic sphere)

62
Q

commerce clause

A

gives congress the power to regulate interstate and international commerce

63
Q

Proposing an amendment

A

a two-thirds vote in senate and house of reps is required.

64
Q

picket fence federalism

A

specific policies and programs are administered by all levels of govt (fed,state,local horizontal and policies vertical)

65
Q

Government

A

Individuals and institutions that make society’s rules and has power and authority to enforce them.

66
Q

Public Services

A

Essential services that individuals cannot provide for themselves, like welfare, operating public schools, maintaining roads.

67
Q

supremacy clause

A

federal laws superior to state and local

68
Q

federal mandates

A

federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules

69
Q

Institution

A

Ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society.

70
Q

new federalism

A

limited federal power over the states (Reagan and Nixon)

71
Q

interstate commerce

A

trade that involved more than one state.

72
Q

Natural Rights

A

Rights that are inherent within every man, woman, and child by virtue of being a human being - Life, liberty, and property (John Locke)

73
Q

division of power

A

powers are divided between natl and state govts (basic principle of federalism)

74
Q

elastic clause

A

gives congress the power to make all laws necessary and proper for the federal govt to carry out its responsibilities

75
Q

Second continental congress

A

The congress of the colonies/war congress/established army/assumed powers of central govt.

76
Q

tyranny

A

unrestrained power by an oppressive individual or govt.

77
Q

Authority

A

The ability to legitimately exercise power, such as to enforce laws.

78
Q

unicameral legislature

A

legislature with only one chamber/unchecked by any executive authority.

79
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system based on private ownership of free markets and wealth producing property.

80
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Document drawn by pilgrim leaders on mayflower/laws for general good of the people.

81
Q

articles of confederation

A

nation’s first national constitution/followed the american revolution/central government had few powers/each state independent.

US Government (5 decks)

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