Test 2 Flashcards
An abnormal tissue growth
neoplasm
Invades surrounding tissues and is usually capable of spreading
Malignant
Clump of cells
Tumor
Not cancerous tumor
Benign
Test under a microscope to look for cancerous cells
Biopsy
Spreads to other types of tissue
Metastasis
When does cancer become fatal?
The cancer moves and disrupts an organs function
What are the top two diagnosed cancers for men?
Prostate
Lung
What are the top two cancers diagnosed in women?
Breast
Lung
What are the top two cancers which lead to death in men?
Lung
Prostate
What are the top two cancers which lead to death in women?
Lung
Breast
General term used to indicate any of the more than 100 types of malignant tumors or neoplasms
Cancer
General cancer signs and symptoms
Unexplained weight loss Fever Fatigue Pain Skin changes
A change in bowel habits or bladder function are specific signs of what cancers?
Colorectal
Bladder
A sore that doesn’t heal are specific signs of what cancers?
Skin
Breast
White patches inside the mouth or on the tongue are specific signs of what cancers?
Mouth
Unusual bleeding or discharge are specific signs of what cancers?
Reproductive
Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts of the body are specific signs of what cancers?
Breast
Indigestion or trouble swallowing are specific signs of what cancers?
Stomach
Recent change in a wart or mole or any new skin change are specific signs of what cancers?
Skin
Nagging cough or hoarseness are specific signs of what cancers?
Throat
Lung
Describe tips for early detection of breast cancer
Mammograms at a min of age 40
Describe tips for early detection of colon and rectum cancer
Colonoscopy at age 50
Describe tips for early detection of prostate cancer
Prostate screening at age 50
Describe tips for early detection of uterus
Gyno at age 21
Pap smear
What are some common risk factors of cancer?
Smoking Family history Obesity Age Radiation exposure Alcohol Physical inactivity Diet
Recommendations to reduce the risk of cancer
Maintain a healthy weight
Adopt a physically active active life
Healthy diet
Limit alcohol consumption
Why is smoking so hard to quit?
It is addictive physically, emotionally, and behaviorally
What is smoking cessation?
Smoker quitting program
What are some smoking cessation techniques?
Patch Counseling Prescription Behavior modification Tapering Hypnosis
What are 4 reasons exercise helps to quit smoking?
Improves general health status
Prevents common weight gain from quitting
Counteracts some of the bad effects, reducing risk factors such as heart disease
Relaxing
Obesity
Too much fat for a given weight
Tools to estimate % body fat
Skinfold caliper
Bioelectrical impedance
Near infrared interactance-futrex
Underwater weighing
What percent body fat us considered obese
Men >24%
Women>37%
What is the formula for BMI
(Weight(kg)/height(m))^2
What are the necessary conversions for the BMI formula
Lbs/2.2=kg
In x .0254=m
What are the classifications for BMI
> 25 overweight
>30
What are health complications of obesity
Psychological burden Increased high bp Increased levels of cholesterol and other blood lipid Increased risk of gallstones Increased risk of diabetes Increased risk of cancer Increased early death Increased heart disease
Are there risk factors for obesity
No
Cause of obesity
Calories in>out
What are the three types of calorie spending
Physical activity 30%
Basal metabolic rate 60%
Thermic effect of eating 10%
What is bmr
Amount of calories used at rest for unconscious body function
Two ways to max out bmr
Resistance training
Eating often
Best way to lose weight
250 less food calories
250 more calories burned in exercise
Aerobic exercise for weight loss
5 or more days a week
Low impact, weight bearing
What are some ways to change eating behaviors and lose weight
Monitor habits Control events that precede events Develop ways to control eating Be wise and think positively Reward success
Risk factors of type II diabetes
Physical inactivity 1st degree relative African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Asian, Pacific Islander Woman who delivers baby >9lbs Obesity Prediabetes
Signs and symptoms of type II diabetes
Unusual fatigue Blurred vision Frequent urination Extreme hunger and thirst Unexplained weight loss
Type I diabetes
Insulin dependent
5-10% of people
Born with it
No risk factors
Type II diabetes
Noninsulin dependent
95% of all diabetes
Has risk factors
Unable to use insulin to control blood glucose
How is diabetes diagnosed
Glucose blood test =>200
Fasting blood glucose test =>126 mg/dl
What is prediabetes
Fasting blood glucose between 100-124
This can be reversed
Hyperglycemia
Too much glucose High blood glucose Need insulin This is worst Don't feel much Damaging
Hypoglycemia
Too low glucose Need food/too much exercise Feel right away Out of it, loopy... Brain needs glucose to function and isn't getting enough
Complications of diabetes
Blindness
Kidney failure
Heart attack
Amputation
Management of diabetes
Regular physical activity Regulated diet Weight loss Understand blood glucose Take medications as prescribed Regular doctors visits
