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ESH 220 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

An abnormal tissue growth

A

neoplasm

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2
Q

Invades surrounding tissues and is usually capable of spreading

A

Malignant

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3
Q

Clump of cells

A

Tumor

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4
Q

Not cancerous tumor

A

Benign

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5
Q

Test under a microscope to look for cancerous cells

A

Biopsy

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6
Q

Spreads to other types of tissue

A

Metastasis

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7
Q

When does cancer become fatal?

A

The cancer moves and disrupts an organs function

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8
Q

What are the top two diagnosed cancers for men?

A

Prostate

Lung

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9
Q

What are the top two cancers diagnosed in women?

A

Breast

Lung

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10
Q

What are the top two cancers which lead to death in men?

A

Lung

Prostate

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11
Q

What are the top two cancers which lead to death in women?

A

Lung

Breast

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12
Q

General term used to indicate any of the more than 100 types of malignant tumors or neoplasms

A

Cancer

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13
Q

General cancer signs and symptoms

A 
Unexplained weight loss
Fever
Fatigue
Pain
Skin changes
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14
Q

A change in bowel habits or bladder function are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Colorectal

Bladder

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15
Q

A sore that doesn’t heal are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Skin

Breast

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16
Q

White patches inside the mouth or on the tongue are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Mouth

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17
Q

Unusual bleeding or discharge are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Reproductive

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18
Q

Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts of the body are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Breast

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19
Q

Indigestion or trouble swallowing are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Recent change in a wart or mole or any new skin change are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Skin

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21
Q

Nagging cough or hoarseness are specific signs of what cancers?

A

Throat

Lung

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22
Q

Describe tips for early detection of breast cancer

A

Mammograms at a min of age 40

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23
Q

Describe tips for early detection of colon and rectum cancer

A

Colonoscopy at age 50

24
Q

Describe tips for early detection of prostate cancer

A

Prostate screening at age 50

25
Q

Describe tips for early detection of uterus

A

Gyno at age 21

Pap smear

26
Q

What are some common risk factors of cancer?

A 
Smoking
Family history 
Obesity
Age
Radiation exposure
Alcohol
Physical inactivity 
Diet
27
Q

Recommendations to reduce the risk of cancer

A

Maintain a healthy weight
Adopt a physically active active life
Healthy diet
Limit alcohol consumption

28
Q

Why is smoking so hard to quit?

A

It is addictive physically, emotionally, and behaviorally

29
Q

What is smoking cessation?

A

Smoker quitting program

30
Q

What are some smoking cessation techniques?

A 
Patch
Counseling
Prescription 
Behavior modification
Tapering
Hypnosis
31
Q

What are 4 reasons exercise helps to quit smoking?

A

Improves general health status
Prevents common weight gain from quitting
Counteracts some of the bad effects, reducing risk factors such as heart disease
Relaxing

32
Q

Obesity

A

Too much fat for a given weight

33
Q

Tools to estimate % body fat

A

Skinfold caliper
Bioelectrical impedance
Near infrared interactance-futrex
Underwater weighing

34
Q

What percent body fat us considered obese

A

Men >24%

Women>37%

35
Q

What is the formula for BMI

A

(Weight(kg)/height(m))^2

36
Q

What are the necessary conversions for the BMI formula

A

Lbs/2.2=kg

In x .0254=m

37
Q

What are the classifications for BMI

A

> 25 overweight

>30

38
Q

What are health complications of obesity

A 
Psychological burden 
Increased high bp
Increased levels of cholesterol and other blood lipid
Increased risk of gallstones
Increased risk of diabetes
Increased risk of cancer
Increased early death
Increased heart disease
39
Q

Are there risk factors for obesity

A

No

40
Q

Cause of obesity

A

Calories in>out

41
Q

What are the three types of calorie spending

A

Physical activity 30%
Basal metabolic rate 60%
Thermic effect of eating 10%

42
Q

What is bmr

A

Amount of calories used at rest for unconscious body function

43
Q

Two ways to max out bmr

A

Resistance training

Eating often

44
Q

Best way to lose weight

A

250 less food calories

250 more calories burned in exercise

45
Q

Aerobic exercise for weight loss

A

5 or more days a week

Low impact, weight bearing

46
Q

What are some ways to change eating behaviors and lose weight

A 
Monitor habits
Control events that precede events
Develop ways to control eating 
Be wise and think positively 
Reward success
47
Q

Risk factors of type II diabetes

A 
Physical inactivity 
1st degree relative 
African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Asian, Pacific Islander
Woman who delivers baby >9lbs
Obesity 
Prediabetes
48
Q

Signs and symptoms of type II diabetes

A 
Unusual fatigue
Blurred vision
Frequent urination 
Extreme hunger and thirst
Unexplained weight loss
49
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Insulin dependent
5-10% of people
Born with it
No risk factors

50
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Noninsulin dependent
95% of all diabetes
Has risk factors
Unable to use insulin to control blood glucose

51
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed

A

Glucose blood test =>200

Fasting blood glucose test =>126 mg/dl

52
Q

What is prediabetes

A

Fasting blood glucose between 100-124

This can be reversed

53
Q

Hyperglycemia

A 
Too much glucose
High blood glucose
Need insulin
This is worst 
Don't feel much
Damaging
54
Q

Hypoglycemia

A 
Too low glucose
Need food/too much exercise
Feel right away
Out of it, loopy...
Brain needs glucose to function and isn't getting enough
55
Q

Complications of diabetes

A

Blindness
Kidney failure
Heart attack
Amputation

56
Q

Management of diabetes

A 
Regular physical activity
Regulated diet
Weight loss
Understand blood glucose 
Take medications as prescribed
Regular doctors visits

ESH 220 (3 decks)

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