Test 2 Flashcards
Zionism
Jewish nationalism that grew
Pogroms
Massacre of Jews, was encouraged by tsar. Jews escaped to Palestine
Dreyfus Affair
Leads French Jews and most others to conclude that they were only safe in their own country
Where did Theodore Harzl encourage Jews to move to?
Palestine. Was aided by conditions in Russia, especially eastern Poland, which was under Russian control at the time.
What did the British promise to ARABS?
- Promises to Sharif Hussein in Balfour-Hussein Correspondence (Promises to Arabs)
• Will recognize Arab territories after WW I based off of what Shariff Hussein says - 1920- Creation of British Mandate of Palestine (Palestine)
- Churchill White Paper (1922) “The status of all citizens of Palestine in the eyes of the law shall be Palestinian.” (Limited Jewish emigration to Palestine.)
Who had secret agreements to “carve up” (Oh Price…) the Ottoman Empire?
Britain, France, and Russia
What did British promise to the JEWS?
iii. Balfour Declaration to get Jewish support (1917)
1. Promise of national home for Jews not a state
2. Britain made promises that overlapped and contradicted with each other
iv. The same land promised to too many people leading to conflict
b. Division of territory by the victors
c. Britain and France dominated the League of Nations and thus the division of mandates
The British sponsored both ____ & _____ nationalists movements in their efforts in WW1.
Jewish & Arabic
Arab Revolt, 1936-1939
Encourages Arab rebellion against British. British try to calm tensions by issuing white paper. Calms Arabs by betrays Zionists
1948 War
The United States, Soviet Union, and majority of UN General Assembly voted for partition. No Middle Eastern state voted for partition. Arabs deny Israel’s right to exist and attack. All but Jordan (British trained and equipped from mandate period) shockingly defeated. Israel expands its territory by taking over areas that Palestinians had fled from during the conflict
1956 War
Britain and France attack Egypt, but leave USA & USSR under pressure.
Nassar
Egyptian nationalist, pan-Arab movement leader, sponsored Palestinian raids into Israel from Egypt- controlled Gaza. Got arms from USSR. Nationalizes Suez Canal after British and Americans withdraw from Aswan Dam in response to reliance on the Soviets.
Result of 1956 War was?
Egypt and Syria becoming Soviet clients
Six Days War
1963: Israeli water project on Jordan River. Israeli victory presented it with a problem: control of 1.3 M Palestinians in the acquired West Bank and Gaza Strip.
What led to Camp David talks in 1978?
1973 War
When was the 1st Arab-Israeli Peace Treaty?
1979
1982 War
Israel invades Lebanon to expel Palestinian bases and return Christians to power.
The 2006 Palestinian Elections left Hamas in control of what?
Gaza Strip, moderate Abbs in the West Bank
Two- State Solution
First proposed in 1937. Yeah I guess it says two states in power
Three main issues blocking two-state resolution
- Israel must give up much of West Bank settlements for Palestine to have a territory.
- Palestinians want the right to return to the homes and farms they fled in 1948; Israelis fear being overtaken by the larger Palestinian population.
- Palestinians insist on sovereignty over East Jerusalem and Israelis see Jerusalem as eternally theirs.
Binational One State Solution
Many younger Palestinians have abandoned two-state solution in favor of this. A resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the creation of a unitary, federal or confederate Israeli-Palestinian state, which would encompass all of the present territory of Israel, the West Bank including East Jerusalem, and possibly the Gaza Strip.
The Great Carve Up
Leading Powers met in Berlin in 1885 for great “carve-up” of Central Africa to demarcate borders. Ethiopia was the only African country not colonized, but was briefly occupied by Italy from 1936-1941.
Decolonization
2+ centuries. First loss as Britain’s loss in N. America. Next was Portugal and Spain losing in Latin America in 1820s. Germany & Turkey lost in WW1. Some after WW2 as well, check notes.
Who was the only one to hold onto colonies past mid-1960s?
Portugal