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Global Issues > Review #1 > Flashcards

Review #1 Flashcards

1
Q

State

A

All the institutions and individuals that exercise power within a given territory.

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2
Q

Characteristics of a state

A

Land, people, sovereignty, and legitimacy

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3
Q

Nation

A

Group of people that share a psychological bond such as ethnicity, language, etc

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4
Q

Government

A

Particular set of institutions and people authorized by formal documents, to pass laws, etc

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5
Q

Regime

A

Institutions or practices that endure from government to government. (Administration to administration)

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6
Q

Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)

A

An entity created by treaty that involves 2+ states working together for common interest

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7
Q

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)

A

Non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group, which is organized on local, national, or international level.

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8
Q

Democracy

A

Rule by people. Free, fair, competitive elections. Guarantee individual liberties. Rule of Law, citizens who live in democracies are typically guaranteed rights in some written form like a constitution or set of laws

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9
Q

Direct democracy vs. representative democracy

A

look this up.

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10
Q

Authoritarian Regimes/ Semi Authoritarian Regimes

A

Political power in concentrated into the hands of one leader or a group of leaders who are not bound by a written constitution or contract.

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11
Q

Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

A

Military takes control of the states’ administration capacity

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12
Q

Totalitarian Regime

A

State exerts total control of the society

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13
Q

Total repression of civil society and ____ are examples of totalitarian regime

A

Random pages. Police and security apparatus are unchecked, arbitrary arrests, show trails.

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14
Q

What is a theory?

A

Body of statements that synthesize knowledge of and explain phenomena. Theory leads to specific, testable predictions about an empirical reality. The more observations we have that confirm a theory, the more we can accept it is valid

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15
Q

Democratic Peace Theory

A

Democracies do not fight other democracies

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16
Q

Median Voter Theorem

A

To win elections, a candidate must try to appeal to the median voter on the spectrum

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17
Q

Causation

A

Book

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18
Q

Correlation

A

Book

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19
Q

Power

A

Ability to make another country do what you want

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20
Q

Types of power:

A

Rational persuasion, economic, cultural, technological, & military

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21
Q

Hard Power

A

Aggressive. U.S. invasions of other nations

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22
Q

Soft Power

A

Attraction. Pope’s visit to Poland in 1979. EU speaking out on human rights

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23
Q

Hegemony

A

Political, economic, or military predominance of one state over the others

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24
Q

The international system is pretty much a….

A

power map

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25
Q

The international system is ______ in nature

A

anarchical

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26
Q

Modern state comes to fruition with….

A

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

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27
Q

Peace of Westphalia did what?

A

Ended 30 yrs war and 8 yr war between Spain and Netherlands. Establishes basis for international system that is composed of sovereign states. Creates basis for national self-determination.

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28
Q

Responsibility to protect (R2p)

A

Allows for international intervention in a state that abuses its citizens.

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29
Q

Supranational organizations

A

Weaken states control of their affairs, and diminish sense of nationalism.

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30
Q

How do supranational orgs differ from IGO’s?

A

States voluntarily cooperate with IGO’s, but retain the right not to.

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31
Q

Supranational orgs can compel members states to…

A

comply.

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32
Q

The Real System

A

Which is the system that is out there. However, it is complex, changeable, and difficult to conceptualize

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33
Q

The Simplified System

A

What we construct in our heads in an attempt to describe the real system.

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34
Q

In order for our foreign policy to be rational, we need…

A

our simplified system to be as close to real system as possible

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35
Q

European Balance of Power Systems (until 1914)

A

Power of several states is similar. Use of alliances to roughly balance power. Napoleon disrupts the balance of power system, but his defeat restores it. Many IR thinkers see this as more dangerous than a hierarchical power system

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36
Q

Unstable Interwar System (1919-1939)

A

Expansionist powers such as Germany and Japan disrupting the balance of power. Major powers policy of appeasement. Looking the other way to avoid war.

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37
Q

Bipolar Cold War Era (1947-1991)

A

tense system, but paradoxically relatively stable. Some powers learned that can no longer say shit. (Suez Crisis). Conflicts revolve around maintaining a delicate balance of power.

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38
Q

Bipolar=

A

Two major powers, US & Soviet Union

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39
Q

Climax of Cold War

A

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

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40
Q

Post Cold War Era (1991-now)

A

Unipolar, multipolar, stratified, globalized, US/China duopoly, Clash of civilizations (Samuel Huntington)

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41
Q

Unipolar

A

One system remains

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42
Q

Multipolar

A

No dominant superpower

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43
Q

Stratified

A

Theres a group of rich states, newly industrializing states, and zones of economic chaos.

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44
Q

Globalized

A

We are all interdependent on one another

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45
Q

US/China duopoly

A

States in Asia will seek alliances w/ one of the two, but other states will opt out so no Cold War.

46
Q

Clash of Civilizations (Samuel Huntington)

A

Cultural and religious identities will define conflicts in the 21st century.

47
Q

Realsim

A

Always pursuing power (book)

48
Q

Prisoner’s Dilemma

A

Four boxes, maybe in the book.

49
Q

Thucydides

A

Father of International Relations and realism

50
Q

Thucydides says that power…

A

drives all decisions.

51
Q

Meliam Dialogue

A

Thucydides records this as against the backdrop of the Peloponnesian War being fought between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan led Peloponnesian League.

52
Q

Athenians eye the islands of..

A

Melos, demand Melians surrender and pay tribute to Athens of they will be conquered

53
Q

Athenians are shocked by…

A

Melians’ lack of realism

54
Q

“The strong do what they can…

A

The weak suffer what they must”

55
Q

Machiavelli

A

The Prince (1532)

56
Q

No morality for Machiavelli, only..

A

political morality

57
Q

Political morality means…

A

The Prince does whatever is necessary in order to maintain the state

58
Q

Goal of Prince is to maintain…

A

the state and his own power by any means

59
Q

The ends justify

A

the means

60
Q

Powers maintained by

A

Fear, avoid hatred,be a fox (deceitful). Should appear to be merciful, just, religious.

61
Q

Assumptions of Realism says..

A

States are he highest actor in world politics, therefor the international system is anarchic.

62
Q

Cooperation is only impossible under…

A

anarchy given certain assumptions about human nature (Doyle 1997)

63
Q

States are the ___ actor in world politics

A

PRIMARY

64
Q

States are…

A

rational, self-interested entities

65
Q

Interests are defined in term of…

A

power

66
Q

States have the ultimate goal of maximizing their relative gains. Relative because

A

the amount of power in the system is limited-inelastic in order to survive

67
Q

Relations between states are driven by their respective capabilities…

A

derived primary from military capabilities but economic capabilities matter because they reflect their ability to obtain more military capabilities or hard power

68
Q

Cooperation is unlikely in an anarchic, self-interested environment where states are amoral, a…

A

State of Nature if you will.

69
Q

Neorealism

A

Original structural of realism (defensive realism)

70
Q

Offensive Realism

A

Empirical study of great power since 1972

71
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points Speech

A

End of WW1. German Armistice took place 10 months after speech

72
Q

14 puts speech not only directed to American citizens to ensure them war was worth it, but also to Germany to…

A

encourage surrender

73
Q

Principles of 14 puts became basis for

A

Treaty of Versailles

74
Q

14 puts speech had may ideas associated with…

A

classic liberalism and American progressive movement, translated those ideas to internality norms

75
Q

Adam Smith

A

Free trade

76
Q

Locke

A

Self-determination, open agreements

77
Q

US Senate never

A

ratified Treaty of Versailles because they wanted to be isolationist

78
Q

Point 1

A

Open covenants and diplomacy are key to the future international system (balance of power system often was characterized by secret treaties.)

79
Q

Point 3

A

Removal of economic barriers between peace-loving nations.

80
Q

Point 4

A

Reduction of national armaments to the “lowest point consistent with domestic safety”

81
Q

Point 5

A

Adjustment of colonial claims based on populations determining sovereignty

82
Q

Points 6-13

A

Issues of sovereignty for a variety of states (territorial gains made in previous wars relinquished)

83
Q

Point 15

A

Establishment of general association of “nations” be formed under specific covenants for the “purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike”

84
Q

All points based on…

A

underlying principles of justice, liberty, and safety

85
Q

Classic Liberalism

A

Human nature is good

86
Q

Institutions make us do bad things

A

Rules incentivize it

87
Q

Once you secure enough power…. (classic liberalism)

A

you are in a safe position to pursue other interests

88
Q

Neoliberalism

A

Stresses the importance of international institutions in reducing the inherend conflicts that realists assume in an internality system

89
Q

Neoliberalism differs from traditional liberalism in that it…

A

acknowledges realism has several important assumptions, in particular that states are unitary actors rationally pursuing their self-interests in a system of anarchy. States cooperate because it is often in their interest to do so and they can learn to use institutions to do so. well fuck that was a lot to type.

90
Q

Nationalism

A

Extreme form of patriotism, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries

91
Q

Nationalism emphasizes role of..

A

individual or human agency

92
Q

Imagined Communities

A

Idea by Benedict Anderson

93
Q

Constructivism

A

We shape reality, so the social world in which we live is always changing according to our perceptions of that world

94
Q

Realism=

A

power

95
Q

Liberalism=

A

complex interaction, interdependence

96
Q

Constructivism=

A

How we can develop alternative social structures/ processes

97
Q

Marxism=

A

focuses on the world economy

98
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Points on an ordered scale of size and complexity

99
Q

International System (marco)

A

External influences outside of state borders affect state actions. Looks at overall global patterns of behavior among states

100
Q

State (micro)

A

Internal influences actually come from within state.

101
Q

Individual Level

A

Revolves around rationality.

102
Q

State Level

A

Focus on characteristics of the states that may make them more or less prone to use violence in resolving conflict. What goes on in state effects outside state

103
Q

Dyadic

A

Examines the interaction between a pair of states. Most utilized level of analysis in international relations

104
Q

Systemic Level

A

Concerns the influence of the international system (interactions between states as well as their level of interdependence) upon outcomes. often includes distribution of capabilities (power) resources, level of trade in the international system, status in world politics, etc.

105
Q

Pros/ Cons

A

Look at notes

106
Q

Biological theories of war

A

humans are animals. genetic aggression causes war

107
Q

Balance of power theory

A

Balance of power creates peace & prevents war

108
Q

Hierarchy -of-power theory

A

impossible to know when power is balanced

109
Q

Power Dilemma

A

State must have sufficient power to protect itself

110
Q

No more munichs

A

false analogy that contributed to intervention in Vietnam. Do elements of analogy outweigh elements of dysanalogy?

111
Q

Vital National Interest

A

Interests close to home

112
Q

Secondary national interests

A

Interests farther from home

Global Issues (3 decks)

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