Test 2 Flashcards
Who established the holy roman empire
Charlemagne
Who is credited with “founding” the Roman Catholic Church
St. Peter
Verse the roman catholic church used to validate themselves
Matthew 16:18
Means emperor leads church and state
Caeseropapism
Although almost equal, the church can trump the state
Two Swords theory
Disagreement about who could appoint new bishops
Investiture Controversy
the appointing of a new Bishop
Investiture
Bishops are appointed by the a political figure(the king)
Lay investiture
who were the two opponents in the Investiture controversy?
King Henry IV and Gregory VII
Why was the church of Rome considered worthy to lead the Catholic church?
Because of apostolic succession and matthew 16:18
who stopped the islamic expansion in the west?
Charles Martel
What does Charles Martel’s name mean
hammer
Where did Charles Martel stop the Islamic expansion?
Battle of Tours
Who won the Investiture Controversy
Pope Gregory the VII
Muslim civilization in spain
Al-Andalus
Under islamic rule, christianity was il/legal?
legal
Nomads who conquered the overthrew the Islamic empire
Seljuk Turks
To what religion did the Seljuk Turks convert to upon conquering of the Islamic empire
Islam
Where did the now-Islamic Seljuks annihilate the Byzantine army
at the Battle of Manzikert
Who was the emperor of Byzantium when the Seljuks conquered it
alexios Komnenos
To whom did Alexios Komnenos appeal for help
Pope Urban II
How did pope Urban II respond to Alexios Konenos request for help
He initiated the First Crusade
What phrase did Urban II use to justify the First Crusade
Deus Vult!
What does Deus Vult mean
“God wills it”
Which crusade freed Jerusalem from Islamic conquest
First Crusade
Term used for lands regained by the first crusades?
Outremer
what does outremer mean
“Across the Sea”
what was the result of the 4th crusade
It skipped Jerusalem and conquered/looted byzantium instead
How did monasticism start?
Now that there is no PERSECUTION how can we sacrifice our lives for God?
First Monk
Antony
What did Antony do after the persecutions
He fled to the desert to seek god without distraction
Where was Antony (Monk) from
Egypt
What does monk mean
“alone”
nonviolent alternate form of martyrdom
monasticism
monks living together in community
Cenobitic Monasticism
What monastery did Benedict of Nursia found
Monte Cassino
What did Benedict of Nursia write?
the Rule of St. Benedict
what are the Rules of St Benedict
poverty chastity and obedience
what was one of the activities cenobitic monks would do
Manuscript Copying
The leader of a monastery is a
Abbot
Two sides to the “new” monastacism
Franciscan and Dominican
Who founded Franciscan Monasticism
Francis of Assisi
Who founded Dominican Monasticism
Dominic of Guzman
What was significant about Francis of Assisi
He took the verse saying “sell everything…” literally
what did the Franciscans believe
simple gospel, Mendicants, Pope Francis I?
what does Mendicants mean
“Beggars”
what is the “simple gospel”
to be a christian is to be humble(i.e. poor)
What does Dominic of Guzman focus on
apologetics
when did Dominic of Guzman live
during the Spanish Inquisition
what was the Spanish Inquisition
the systematic persecution of non-Christians/heretics
Gnostic-like heresy stating matter was evil
the Cathari
what was the focus of the Dominicans
to persuade rather than force conversion
Dominicans nickname
Domini Canes
what does Domini Canes mean
hounds of the lord
definition of scholasticism
an attempt to probe deeper into the Christian faith
Ansley’s Proslogion
Can we prove god’s existence
what type of one was Thomas Aquinas
dominican
what did Thomas Aquinas spend his life doing
systematizing the christian faith
what is considered the highest achievement of the scholastic movement
Summa Theologica
what was the structure of summa theologica
basic question, objections, sed contra, reply to objections
what does sed contra mean
Explanation
who wrote summa theologica
Thomas Aquinas
a place where christians are “cleansed” before entering Heaven
purgatory
what is believed about saints’ trip to heaven
They go straight there, no purgatory
how can humans relate to saints
We can ask them to intercede on our behalf
an overflow of the saint’s good deeds to make up for our bad deeds
treasury of merits
a certificate which signifies that the saint’s merits have been applied on your behalf to lessen your or a loved one’s time in purgatory
Indulgence
book that systematized the christian faith
Summa Theologica
means to make sacred
sacraments
specific rituals that god has established to grant you grace
Sacraments
how many sacraments
7
what are the sacraments
baptism, confirmation, penance, eucharist, marriage, holy Order, last rites
what does baptism do
it cleanses from “original sin”
what is “instruction in the faith”
catechesis
what does confirmation do
it signifies your entry into the church
what are the 4 parts of penance
contrition, confession, satisfaction, absolution
what does the Eucharist do
It is god’s chosen way of importing grace in our everyday lives
the mystical conversion of the eucharistic wine and bread into the blood and body of christ
transubstantiation
what are the rites of special graces
marriage and holy order
what is the Holy Order sacrament
essentially the marriage of a clergyman to the church
what do the rites of special graces do
they give you special grace to love/serve a spouse or the church
last rites
combination of final eucharist and penance intended to prepare you for the afterlife
which roman emperor got a puppet pope elected and moved him to Avignon
Philip IV
who was Philip IV’s pope
Clement V
where did Clement V live during his papacy
Avignon
what is the term used to reference the time that the pope was in Avignon, not Rome?
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
who were the two rival popes during the Great Schism
Pope urban VI and pope Clement VII
where was pope Urban VI (great schism) from
Italy
where was pope Clement VII (great schism) from
France
the period with two rivaling popes in the Roman Church
Great Schism
who tried to end the Great Schism by appointing a 3rd pope
the Conciliarists
what council was supposed to end the Great Schism
the council of Pisa
what did the council of pisa do
denounced the other popes and set up Alexander V as 3rd pope
After the council of Pisa fails, what do the conciliarists do
Council of Constance
what does the council of constance do
church should be led by a council of bishops, deposes all three popes and sets up 4th pope
who was the pope at the time of the Council of Constance
Pope Pious II
How does Pope Pius II respond to the council of constance
he writes Execrabilis
what philosopher completely DESPISED the popes
Dante
in what writing did Dante condemn the popes
Inferno 19
After the great schism, council of pisa, council of Constance, etc who emerges victorious
the PAPACY
what was the movement to reform the Catholic Church
Protestant Reformation
What was Martin Luther’s occupation
Monk/ professor at Whitenberg
What was Luther’s “lightbulb” verse
Romans 1:17 “The just shall live by faith alone.”
What officially sparked the Protestant Reformation
Nailing of the 95 Theses
What was the primary target of Luther’s 95 thesis
Catholic Indulgences
means “by scripture alone”
Sola Scriptura
Where is Luther “tried” as a heretic and convicted?
Diet of Worms
who wrote Institution
John Calvin
Writing that systematically organized the protestant’s faith (similar to Thomas Aquinas’ work)
Institution
God has total control over the universe/our destinies are already planned out/god only grants grace/salvation to a select few
Predestination
T.U.L.I.P.
Total DEPRAVITY, unconditional ELECTION, limited ATONEMENT, irresistible GRACE, perseverance of the SAINTS
acronym that summarizes the ideas of Calvin’s predestination (calvinism?)
TULIP
what city invites calvin to plant his church
Geneva, Switzerland
protestants who believe that the church should still have political influence
Magisterial Reformation
protestant’s 2 swords theory
Magisterial Reformation
a group of hyper-radical protestants
Anabaptists
anabaptists believed
church-state is bad, adult baptism, pacifism
jan matthys
believes the apocalypse is at hand, takes over Münster, kills anyone who opposes him
Menno Simons
rebuilds the Anabaptists’ name.
From who do the Mennonites get their name
Menno Simons
Who was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire during the schmalkaldic era
Charles V
What was the schmalkaldic League
a protestant alliance refusing to obey Charles V’s order to recant
The feud between the Schmalkaldic League and Charles V was called
the Schmalkaldic War
who won the Schmalkaldic War
Charles V
result of Schmalkaldic War
Peace of Augsburg
What was the primary achievement of the Peace of Augsburg
Confessionalization
what is confessionalization
rulers may choose their Protestant or Catholic, but the citizens must convert
What pope decides that the Roman Church need major reform
Pope Paul III
What does Pope Paul III organize to reform the church
Council of Trent
How long was the council of trent
20 years
what were the two primary achievements of the Council of Trent
Institutional reform and Doctrinal Affrimation
Trent’s Institutional Reformations:
condemned indulgences, defined clerical responsibilities , unified church practices
Trent’s Doctrinal affirmation
reaffirmed role of papacy and tradition, accepts the 7 sacraments, accepts purgatory, defines role of grace
name for spanish crusade
Reconquista
what did the reconquista accomplish
it regained all the Spanish land taken during the Muslim expansion
Who were the rulers of Spain during the Reconquista
King Ferdinand and Queen Izabella
most advanced sword-like weapon of the aztecs
Macauhuitl
condemned the Spanish expansion in America
Bartolomé de las Casas
who wrote Sublimes Dei
Pope Paul III
what was the point of Sublimes Dei
The indians, although pagan, should not be slaughtered
who founded the Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola
What were the Jesuits primary mission
Global Missions
Jesuit missionary who said that christianity must be adapted to the chinese culture
Matteo Ricci
“Hidden Christians”
Kakure Kirishitan
Persecuted christians in China
Kakure Kirishitan
Patriarch of Constantinole during the schism of 1054
Michael Cerularius
Two opponents in the Schism of 1054
Michael Cerularius and Pope Leo IX
Disagreement on if the Nicene Creed can be altered
Filioque Controversy
empire that nearly dissolved all of the Byzantine empire
Ottoman Empire
when did Constantinople fall
May 29, 1453
what marked the End of the byzantine empire
the fall of Constantinople
who urged Russia to assume its position as a 3rd rome
Pilotheus
3rd rome
Russia
Only independent eastern orthodox nation after the Ottoman Conquest
Russia
southernmost outpost of Russian orthodoxy in North America
Fort Ross, California
The council of Calcedon split the Byzantine Christianity into what three factions
chalcedonies, nestorians, monophysites
After Calcedon, what was the legitimate group
calcedonians
After Calcedon, what was the exiled gorup
Nestorians
After Calcedon, what was the persecuted group
Monophysites
church in persia that the Nestorians join upon fleeing calcedon
Church of the East
at what council did the Church of the East officially break all ties to rome and request tolerance by the persian empire
Council of Selucia-Ctesiphon
what two factors caused the Persian’s to legalize Christianity
The nestorian exile and the council of Seleucid-Ctesiphon
as the church spread along the Silk Road, what important people groups did they convert
the Mongols
Emperor of the Mongols during the Silk Road Expansion
Khan Argun
monk sent by Khan Argun to create an alliance with western Europe
Rabban bar Sauma
What was Rabban bar Sauma’s mission
form an alliance with Western Europe
what was the purpose of bar Sauma’s alliance with the West
to defeat the Seljuk Turks once and for all
Missionary who took christianity into china
Alopen
What emperor legalized christianity in China thanks to Alopen’s prodding
Taizong
What was the capitol of China during Alopen’s missionary venture
Ch’ang-an
what chinese item shows us a detailed description of Chinese christian theology
the Xi’an Monument
what term does the Xi’an monument use for “Christianity”
Religion of Light
“Jesus” in the Xi’an Monument
Ye su
Church of the East’s “Pope”
Catholicos
Primary difference between a Pope and a Catholicos
Catholicos has no political power
Current Catholicos
Mar Gewargis III
what pope did the council of pisa set up
Pope Alexander V
