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Christian Scriptures > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who established the holy roman empire

A

Charlemagne

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2
Q

Who is credited with “founding” the Roman Catholic Church

A

St. Peter

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3
Q

Verse the roman catholic church used to validate themselves

A

Matthew 16:18

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4
Q

Means emperor leads church and state

A

Caeseropapism

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5
Q

Although almost equal, the church can trump the state

A

Two Swords theory

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6
Q

Disagreement about who could appoint new bishops

A

Investiture Controversy

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7
Q

the appointing of a new Bishop

A

Investiture

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8
Q

Bishops are appointed by the a political figure(the king)

A

Lay investiture

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9
Q

who were the two opponents in the Investiture controversy?

A

King Henry IV and Gregory VII

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10
Q

Why was the church of Rome considered worthy to lead the Catholic church?

A

Because of apostolic succession and matthew 16:18

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11
Q

who stopped the islamic expansion in the west?

A

Charles Martel

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12
Q

What does Charles Martel’s name mean

A

hammer

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13
Q

Where did Charles Martel stop the Islamic expansion?

A

Battle of Tours

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14
Q

Who won the Investiture Controversy

A

Pope Gregory the VII

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15
Q

Muslim civilization in spain

A

Al-Andalus

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16
Q

Under islamic rule, christianity was il/legal?

A

legal

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17
Q

Nomads who conquered the overthrew the Islamic empire

A

Seljuk Turks

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18
Q

To what religion did the Seljuk Turks convert to upon conquering of the Islamic empire

A

Islam

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19
Q

Where did the now-Islamic Seljuks annihilate the Byzantine army

A

at the Battle of Manzikert

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20
Q

Who was the emperor of Byzantium when the Seljuks conquered it

A

alexios Komnenos

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21
Q

To whom did Alexios Komnenos appeal for help

A

Pope Urban II

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22
Q

How did pope Urban II respond to Alexios Konenos request for help

A

He initiated the First Crusade

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23
Q

What phrase did Urban II use to justify the First Crusade

A

Deus Vult!

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24
Q

What does Deus Vult mean

A

“God wills it”

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25
Q

Which crusade freed Jerusalem from Islamic conquest

A

First Crusade

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26
Q

Term used for lands regained by the first crusades?

A

Outremer

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27
Q

what does outremer mean

A

“Across the Sea”

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28
Q

what was the result of the 4th crusade

A

It skipped Jerusalem and conquered/looted byzantium instead

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29
Q

How did monasticism start?

A

Now that there is no PERSECUTION how can we sacrifice our lives for God?

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30
Q

First Monk

A

Antony

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31
Q

What did Antony do after the persecutions

A

He fled to the desert to seek god without distraction

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32
Q

Where was Antony (Monk) from

A

Egypt

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33
Q

What does monk mean

A

“alone”

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34
Q

nonviolent alternate form of martyrdom

A

monasticism

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35
Q

monks living together in community

A

Cenobitic Monasticism

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36
Q

What monastery did Benedict of Nursia found

A

Monte Cassino

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37
Q

What did Benedict of Nursia write?

A

the Rule of St. Benedict

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38
Q

what are the Rules of St Benedict

A

poverty chastity and obedience

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39
Q

what was one of the activities cenobitic monks would do

A

Manuscript Copying

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40
Q

The leader of a monastery is a

A

Abbot

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41
Q

Two sides to the “new” monastacism

A

Franciscan and Dominican

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42
Q

Who founded Franciscan Monasticism

A

Francis of Assisi

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43
Q

Who founded Dominican Monasticism

A

Dominic of Guzman

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44
Q

What was significant about Francis of Assisi

A

He took the verse saying “sell everything…” literally

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45
Q

what did the Franciscans believe

A

simple gospel, Mendicants, Pope Francis I?

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46
Q

what does Mendicants mean

A

“Beggars”

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47
Q

what is the “simple gospel”

A

to be a christian is to be humble(i.e. poor)

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48
Q

What does Dominic of Guzman focus on

A

apologetics

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49
Q

when did Dominic of Guzman live

A

during the Spanish Inquisition

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50
Q

what was the Spanish Inquisition

A

the systematic persecution of non-Christians/heretics

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51
Q

Gnostic-like heresy stating matter was evil

A

the Cathari

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52
Q

what was the focus of the Dominicans

A

to persuade rather than force conversion

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53
Q

Dominicans nickname

A

Domini Canes

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54
Q

what does Domini Canes mean

A

hounds of the lord

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55
Q

definition of scholasticism

A

an attempt to probe deeper into the Christian faith

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56
Q

Ansley’s Proslogion

A

Can we prove god’s existence

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57
Q

what type of one was Thomas Aquinas

A

dominican

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58
Q

what did Thomas Aquinas spend his life doing

A

systematizing the christian faith

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59
Q

what is considered the highest achievement of the scholastic movement

A

Summa Theologica

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60
Q

what was the structure of summa theologica

A

basic question, objections, sed contra, reply to objections

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61
Q

what does sed contra mean

A

Explanation

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62
Q

who wrote summa theologica

A

Thomas Aquinas

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63
Q

a place where christians are “cleansed” before entering Heaven

A

purgatory

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64
Q

what is believed about saints’ trip to heaven

A

They go straight there, no purgatory

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65
Q

how can humans relate to saints

A

We can ask them to intercede on our behalf

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66
Q

an overflow of the saint’s good deeds to make up for our bad deeds

A

treasury of merits

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67
Q

a certificate which signifies that the saint’s merits have been applied on your behalf to lessen your or a loved one’s time in purgatory

A

Indulgence

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68
Q

book that systematized the christian faith

A

Summa Theologica

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69
Q

means to make sacred

A

sacraments

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70
Q

specific rituals that god has established to grant you grace

A

Sacraments

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71
Q

how many sacraments

A

7

72
Q

what are the sacraments

A

baptism, confirmation, penance, eucharist, marriage, holy Order, last rites

73
Q

what does baptism do

A

it cleanses from “original sin”

74
Q

what is “instruction in the faith”

A

catechesis

75
Q

what does confirmation do

A

it signifies your entry into the church

76
Q

what are the 4 parts of penance

A

contrition, confession, satisfaction, absolution

77
Q

what does the Eucharist do

A

It is god’s chosen way of importing grace in our everyday lives

78
Q

the mystical conversion of the eucharistic wine and bread into the blood and body of christ

A

transubstantiation

79
Q

what are the rites of special graces

A

marriage and holy order

80
Q

what is the Holy Order sacrament

A

essentially the marriage of a clergyman to the church

81
Q

what do the rites of special graces do

A

they give you special grace to love/serve a spouse or the church

82
Q

last rites

A

combination of final eucharist and penance intended to prepare you for the afterlife

83
Q

which roman emperor got a puppet pope elected and moved him to Avignon

A

Philip IV

84
Q

who was Philip IV’s pope

A

Clement V

85
Q

where did Clement V live during his papacy

A

Avignon

86
Q

what is the term used to reference the time that the pope was in Avignon, not Rome?

A

The Babylonian Captivity of the Church

87
Q

who were the two rival popes during the Great Schism

A

Pope urban VI and pope Clement VII

88
Q

where was pope Urban VI (great schism) from

A

Italy

89
Q

where was pope Clement VII (great schism) from

A

France

90
Q

the period with two rivaling popes in the Roman Church

A

Great Schism

91
Q

who tried to end the Great Schism by appointing a 3rd pope

A

the Conciliarists

92
Q

what council was supposed to end the Great Schism

A

the council of Pisa

93
Q

what did the council of pisa do

A

denounced the other popes and set up Alexander V as 3rd pope

94
Q

After the council of Pisa fails, what do the conciliarists do

A

Council of Constance

95
Q

what does the council of constance do

A

church should be led by a council of bishops, deposes all three popes and sets up 4th pope

96
Q

who was the pope at the time of the Council of Constance

A

Pope Pious II

97
Q

How does Pope Pius II respond to the council of constance

A

he writes Execrabilis

98
Q

what philosopher completely DESPISED the popes

A

Dante

99
Q

in what writing did Dante condemn the popes

A

Inferno 19

100
Q

After the great schism, council of pisa, council of Constance, etc who emerges victorious

A

the PAPACY

101
Q

what was the movement to reform the Catholic Church

A

Protestant Reformation

102
Q

What was Martin Luther’s occupation

A

Monk/ professor at Whitenberg

103
Q

What was Luther’s “lightbulb” verse

A

Romans 1:17 “The just shall live by faith alone.”

104
Q

What officially sparked the Protestant Reformation

A

Nailing of the 95 Theses

105
Q

What was the primary target of Luther’s 95 thesis

A

Catholic Indulgences

106
Q

means “by scripture alone”

A

Sola Scriptura

107
Q

Where is Luther “tried” as a heretic and convicted?

A

Diet of Worms

108
Q

who wrote Institution

A

John Calvin

109
Q

Writing that systematically organized the protestant’s faith (similar to Thomas Aquinas’ work)

A

Institution

110
Q

God has total control over the universe/our destinies are already planned out/god only grants grace/salvation to a select few

A

Predestination

111
Q

T.U.L.I.P.

A

Total DEPRAVITY, unconditional ELECTION, limited ATONEMENT, irresistible GRACE, perseverance of the SAINTS

112
Q

acronym that summarizes the ideas of Calvin’s predestination (calvinism?)

A

TULIP

113
Q

what city invites calvin to plant his church

A

Geneva, Switzerland

114
Q

protestants who believe that the church should still have political influence

A

Magisterial Reformation

115
Q

protestant’s 2 swords theory

A

Magisterial Reformation

116
Q

a group of hyper-radical protestants

A

Anabaptists

117
Q

anabaptists believed

A

church-state is bad, adult baptism, pacifism

118
Q

jan matthys

A

believes the apocalypse is at hand, takes over Münster, kills anyone who opposes him

119
Q

Menno Simons

A

rebuilds the Anabaptists’ name.

120
Q

From who do the Mennonites get their name

A

Menno Simons

121
Q

Who was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire during the schmalkaldic era

A

Charles V

122
Q

What was the schmalkaldic League

A

a protestant alliance refusing to obey Charles V’s order to recant

123
Q

The feud between the Schmalkaldic League and Charles V was called

A

the Schmalkaldic War

124
Q

who won the Schmalkaldic War

A

Charles V

125
Q

result of Schmalkaldic War

A

Peace of Augsburg

126
Q

What was the primary achievement of the Peace of Augsburg

A

Confessionalization

127
Q

what is confessionalization

A

rulers may choose their Protestant or Catholic, but the citizens must convert

128
Q

What pope decides that the Roman Church need major reform

A

Pope Paul III

129
Q

What does Pope Paul III organize to reform the church

A

Council of Trent

130
Q

How long was the council of trent

A

20 years

131
Q

what were the two primary achievements of the Council of Trent

A

Institutional reform and Doctrinal Affrimation

132
Q

Trent’s Institutional Reformations:

A

condemned indulgences, defined clerical responsibilities , unified church practices

133
Q

Trent’s Doctrinal affirmation

A

reaffirmed role of papacy and tradition, accepts the 7 sacraments, accepts purgatory, defines role of grace

134
Q

name for spanish crusade

A

Reconquista

135
Q

what did the reconquista accomplish

A

it regained all the Spanish land taken during the Muslim expansion

136
Q

Who were the rulers of Spain during the Reconquista

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Izabella

137
Q

most advanced sword-like weapon of the aztecs

A

Macauhuitl

138
Q

condemned the Spanish expansion in America

A

Bartolomé de las Casas

139
Q

who wrote Sublimes Dei

A

Pope Paul III

140
Q

what was the point of Sublimes Dei

A

The indians, although pagan, should not be slaughtered

141
Q

who founded the Jesuits

A

Ignatius of Loyola

142
Q

What were the Jesuits primary mission

A

Global Missions

143
Q

Jesuit missionary who said that christianity must be adapted to the chinese culture

A

Matteo Ricci

144
Q

“Hidden Christians”

A

Kakure Kirishitan

145
Q

Persecuted christians in China

A

Kakure Kirishitan

146
Q

Patriarch of Constantinole during the schism of 1054

A

Michael Cerularius

147
Q

Two opponents in the Schism of 1054

A

Michael Cerularius and Pope Leo IX

148
Q

Disagreement on if the Nicene Creed can be altered

A

Filioque Controversy

149
Q

empire that nearly dissolved all of the Byzantine empire

A

Ottoman Empire

150
Q

when did Constantinople fall

A

May 29, 1453

151
Q

what marked the End of the byzantine empire

A

the fall of Constantinople

152
Q

who urged Russia to assume its position as a 3rd rome

A

Pilotheus

153
Q

3rd rome

A

Russia

154
Q

Only independent eastern orthodox nation after the Ottoman Conquest

A

Russia

155
Q

southernmost outpost of Russian orthodoxy in North America

A

Fort Ross, California

156
Q

The council of Calcedon split the Byzantine Christianity into what three factions

A

chalcedonies, nestorians, monophysites

157
Q

After Calcedon, what was the legitimate group

A

calcedonians

158
Q

After Calcedon, what was the exiled gorup

A

Nestorians

159
Q

After Calcedon, what was the persecuted group

A

Monophysites

160
Q

church in persia that the Nestorians join upon fleeing calcedon

A

Church of the East

161
Q

at what council did the Church of the East officially break all ties to rome and request tolerance by the persian empire

A

Council of Selucia-Ctesiphon

162
Q

what two factors caused the Persian’s to legalize Christianity

A

The nestorian exile and the council of Seleucid-Ctesiphon

163
Q

as the church spread along the Silk Road, what important people groups did they convert

A

the Mongols

164
Q

Emperor of the Mongols during the Silk Road Expansion

A

Khan Argun

165
Q

monk sent by Khan Argun to create an alliance with western Europe

A

Rabban bar Sauma

166
Q

What was Rabban bar Sauma’s mission

A

form an alliance with Western Europe

167
Q

what was the purpose of bar Sauma’s alliance with the West

A

to defeat the Seljuk Turks once and for all

168
Q

Missionary who took christianity into china

A

Alopen

169
Q

What emperor legalized christianity in China thanks to Alopen’s prodding

A

Taizong

170
Q

What was the capitol of China during Alopen’s missionary venture

A

Ch’ang-an

171
Q

what chinese item shows us a detailed description of Chinese christian theology

A

the Xi’an Monument

172
Q

what term does the Xi’an monument use for “Christianity”

A

Religion of Light

173
Q

“Jesus” in the Xi’an Monument

A

Ye su

174
Q

Church of the East’s “Pope”

A

Catholicos

175
Q

Primary difference between a Pope and a Catholicos

A

Catholicos has no political power

176
Q

Current Catholicos

A

Mar Gewargis III

177
Q

what pope did the council of pisa set up

A

Pope Alexander V

Christian Scriptures (6 decks)

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