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Bethany - Chemistry > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are fossil fuels mixtures of ?

A

Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What is the simplest of the hydrocarbon families ?

A

Alkanes

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3
Q

What is the general formula of Alkanes ?

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

Name the Alkanes in order

A 
Methane 
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
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5
Q

What is the formula of Methane ?

A

CH4

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6
Q

What is the formula of Ethane ?

A

C2H6

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7
Q

What is the formula of propane ?

A

C3H8

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8
Q

What is the formula of butane ?

A

C4H10

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9
Q

What is the formula of pentane ?

A

C5H12

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10
Q

What is the formula of Hexane ?

A

C6H14

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11
Q

What is the prefix we use to remember the order of Alkanes ?

A

Monkeys Eat Peanuts But Prefer Hotdogs

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12
Q

Combustion =

A

Burning

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13
Q

When we combust something, what do we do so in ?

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

What do we form when we combust something ?

A

Oxides

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15
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion ?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

What happens if the oxygen supply is limited during complete combustion ?

A

Then incomplete combustion may occurs and the toxic carbon monoxide may form.

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17
Q

What do all Alkenes contain ?

A

At least one carbon to carbon double bond

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18
Q

What is the first Alkene called and how many carbon atoms does it have ?

A

Ethene - 2 carbon atoms

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19
Q

Name the Alkenes in order

A 
Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene
Hexene
Heptene
Octene
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20
Q

What is the formula of Ethene ?

A

C2H4

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21
Q

What is the formula of Propene ?

A

C3H6

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22
Q

What is the formula of Butene ?

A

C4H8

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23
Q

What is the formula of Pentene ?

A

C5H10

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24
Q

What is the formula of Hexene ?

A

C6H12

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25
Q

What is the formula of Heptene ?

A

C7H14

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26
Q

What is the formula of Octene ?

A

C8H16

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27
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes ?

A

CnH2n

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28
Q

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated ? And why ?

A

Alkanes are saturated as the contain only carbon to carbon single bonds.

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29
Q

What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbons ?

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have carbon to carbon double or triple bonds.

30
Q

Are Alkenes saturated or unsaturated ? And why ?

A

Alkenes are unsaturated as the contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

31
Q

How can we distinguish between Alkenes and Alkanes ?

A

Using bromine solution

32
Q

What will unsaturated compounds do to the bromine solution ?

A

Unsaturated compounds will rapidly decolourise bromine solution

33
Q

What is the test for saturation ?

A

Unsaturated compounds will rapidly decolourise bromine solution.

34
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

In a plentiful supply of oxygen, hydrocarbons burn it to produce carbon dioxide and water.

35
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

In an oxygen deficient atmosphere, not all of the carbon will fully react during combustion. As a result, carbon and carbon monoxide can be produced when burning a hydrocarbon.

36
Q

Name a poisonous gas

A

Carbon monoxide

37
Q

What is a homologous series ?

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

38
Q

What type of molecules are alkanes ?

A

Covalent molecules

39
Q

What is special about one of the covalent bonds within the Alkenes ?

A

The two covalent bonds within the alkene are not the same, one is easier to break than the other.

40
Q

What part of the alkene is the reactive part ?

A

The carbon to carbon double bond

41
Q

What do alkanes undergo ?

A

Addition reactions

42
Q

what is the general formula for alcohol ?

A

CnH2n+1OH

43
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation ?

A

(Yeast)

Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

44
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Fermentation is the breakdown of glucose to form alcohol and carbon dioxide.

45
Q

What alcohol can fermentation be used on ?

A

Ethanol

46
Q

What is special about methanol?

A

Methanol cannot be formed by either fermentation or addition into an alkene (there is no methene). As a result, and more complex chemical process must be used to make methanol.

47
Q

What type of fuels are alcohols ?

A

Excellent ‘clean’ fuels

48
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

49
Q

What does we mean by unsaturated ?

A

Things can be added on

50
Q

What is the test for an alkene/ unsaturatiom ?

A

Bromine water, if it is an Alkene, the yellowy bromine solution will turn colourless

51
Q

What are Polymers ?

A

Man made, synthetic materials

52
Q

How are polymers made ?

A

Polymers are made by joining alkene molecules together to form a long chain

53
Q

What is a hydrocarbon ?

A

A substance which contains hydrogen and carbon only

54
Q

‘In the lab’ how can an alcohol be formed ?

A

By an addition reaction with an Alkene

55
Q

What can alcohols be used as because they burn/combust ?

A

Fuel

56
Q

What are some alcohols more sufficient than ?

A

Petrol

57
Q

Name a reaction in which alcohols can be produced ?

A

A fermentation reaction

58
Q

Is alcohol a drug ?

A

Yes

59
Q

What can small amounts of alcohol in the blood stream do ?

A

Suppress the nerves which control muscles

60
Q

What can alcohol cause damage to ?

A

Liver, kidneys etc.

61
Q

What are carbohydrates ?

A

Carbohydrates are a group of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

62
Q

What are the simplest carbohydrates ?

A

Sugars (eg. Glucose, fructose, maltose)

63
Q

What is starch ?

A

Starch is a polymer of glucose

64
Q

What is the test for starch ?

A

Put starch solution into a dimple tray, add a couple of drops of iodine. A positive test shows; turns dark/purple opaque from yellow clear

65
Q

What are fuels ?

A

Fuels are substances that contain energy, stored and their chemical bonds. When burned (oxidised), the fuel releases some of the stored energy.

66
Q

Name some fuels

A

Fossil fuels

Food

67
Q

Under what conditions are fossil fuels formed ?

A

Millions of years
High pressure
Organic material

68
Q

Are fossil fuels finite or infinite ?

A

Finite

69
Q

What type of reaction do fossil fuels burn in ?

A

An exothermic reaction

70
Q

What do oil and natural gases require to become useful ?

A

They require to be processed

Bethany - Chemistry (3 decks)

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