Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bethany - Chemistry > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are elements made up of ?

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many types of atom are elements made up of ?

A

1 (ie. Gold contains ONLY gold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are elements arranged in the P.T ?

A

‘By family’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do we use for the different elements ?

A

Symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Some elements are very ________ and will not be found _______ in ______. Only very few are found ________- such as ____.

A

Some elements are very unreactive and will not be found free in nature. Only very few are found uncombined- such as gold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are vertical columns in the P.T called ?

A

GROUPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are horizontal rows in the P.T called ?

A

PERIODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an ATOMIC NUMBER ?

A

This is the number of protons in an atom. it is the value which the elements are arranged in the P.T and it is also the number which defines the element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the MASS NUMBER ?

A

This number gives the mass of the atom (or more correctly the Imole of the atoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As only ______ and ______ have mass.

MASS NUMBER = (NUMBER OF _____ + NUMBER OF ______) in an atom.

A

As only protons and neutrons have mass.

MASS NUMBER = (NUMBER OF protons + NUMBER OF neutrons) in an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does ‘Atoms are electrically neutral’ tell us ?

A

This fact tells us that in an atom, there must be the same number of positive protons and negative electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neutrons = ______ ________

A

Neutrons = Mass Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are electrons found ?

A

Electrons are found outside the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are electrons arranged in ?

A

Shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held until the first shell ?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that the second shell can hold ?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do elements react ?

A

To achieve a full outer shell of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Full outer shell = ________ _____

A

Full outer shell = valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do elements form when they react ?

A

Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are compounds made from ?

A

Compounds are made from more than one elements, where the elements are chemically bonded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many elements are there in excess of ?

A

110 elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the word equation to summarise chemical reactions ?

A

Reactants —-> products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do chemical reactions result in ?

A

The formation of something new. (The product)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 4 signs of a chemical reaction

A
  • change in energy (given out or taken in)
  • change in colour
  • precipitation may form (a solid produced when 2 solutions mixed)
  • a gas may be produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Are most elements reactive ?
Yes
26
What to reactive elements reacts to achieve ?
A FULL VALENCE SHELL
27
What do elements make when they react ?
Compounds
28
What do chemical reactions let us make ?
New substances
29
Compounds whose names end in "ide" contain ___________ .
Only the 2 named elements
30
Compounds whose names end in "ite" or "ate" contain _____________.
The 2 named elements PLUS oxygen
31
What are word equations used for ?
To summarise chemical reactions
32
What to word equations lead to ?
Formulae equations
33
When chemical reactions occur _________ ___ __ _______ _______.
When chemical reactions occur, something new is always formed.
34
Energy in ----> ________ | Energy out ---> ________
Energy in ---> Endothermic | Energy out ---> Exothermic
35
Different reactions have different ______.
Rates (speeds)
36
Reaction rate is not ______. It can be _______ by ________ reaction conditions.
Reaction rate is not fixed. It can be changed by altering reaction conditions.
37
Name 4 ways we can speed up reactions
- increase temperature - decrease particle size - increase concentration - add a catalyst
38
Name the 3 bonding types
Metallic Bonding - metal:metal Ionic Bonding - metal:non-metal Covalent Bonding - non-metal:non-metal
39
What do bonds do ?
Holds things together
40
What holds a metal together ?
Metallic bonding
41
How do metal atoms hold their valence electron(s) ?
Loosely
42
What can happen because metal atoms hold their valence shells so loosely ? And what is the term for this ?
The atoms can drift of the atom into the spaces between the atoms -the term for this is DELOCALISED.
43
In bonding we are always looking for _______ ________ to ______, that's what forms the bond.
In bonding we are always looking for opposite charges to attract, that's what forms the bond.
44
The more ______ _______ that are delocalised, the ______ the "cement" holding the _______ ___________ - the stronger the _______ will be and therefore the higher mpt will be.
The more valence electrons that are delocalised, the stronger the "cement" holding the metal together - the stronger the bonding will be and therefore the higher mpt will be.
45
Where is ionic bonding USUALLY found ?
Between metals and non- metals.
46
Why would two elements be reactive ?
Because they have incomplete valence shells
47
In ionic bonding, ______ atoms lose their _____ electron(s) to the ___________ atoms which _____ electron(s) into their ________ _____.
In ionic bonding, metal atoms lose their valence electron(s) to the non-metal atoms which gain electron(s) into their valence shell.
48
What is electrostatic attraction also known as ?
Ionic Bonding
49
When is covalent bonding usually found ?
When non-metals bond to non-metals.
50
What does covalent bonding involve ?
The sharing of valence electrons (must be valence, the rest are tucked away)
51
What is bonding like ?
Bonding is like a tug of war. Both pull on the shared electrons. If the pull is even, the electrons stay in the middle and the two atoms are held together.
52
What becomes important when we look at molecules ?
Shape
53
1 covalent bond = ____________________
1 covalent bond = 1 pair of shared electrons
54
What can covalent compounds form ?
Double/triple covalent bonds.
55
What can covalent compounds also exist as ?
DISCRETE MOLECULES- a known and limited number of each atom type in the molecule.
56
What are the Group 1 metals ?
The alkali metals
57
What are Group 1 elements stored in and why ?
Stored in oil because they react with water
58
Are Group 1 metals soft or hard ?
Soft (can be easily cut with a knife)
59
What happens to The Alkali Metals shine?
Rapidly loses their shine as the surface metal reacts
60
What kind of density do Alkali Metals have ?
Low density (all float on water)
61
Why are the group 1 metals grouped that way ?
Because they react the same with water.
62
What are the Group 2 elements called ?
Alkaline Earth Metals
63
What do The Alkaline Earth Metals react with water to produce ?
Alkali + hydrogen gas
64
Are The Alkaline Earth Metals more or less reactive than the group 1 metals ?
Less reactive (don't need to be stored under oil)
65
In The Alkaline Earth Metals - does reactivity increase or decrease as you descend the group ?
Increases
66
What is the one set of elements that don't actually have a group ?
Transition Elements
67
What metals are in The Transition Elements ?
All metals
68
What kind of valencies do The Transition Elements have ?
Variable Valences
69
What do The Transition Elements often produce ?
Coloured compounds
70
What can The Transition Elements be used as ?
A catalyst
71
What are the Group 7 elements called ?
The Halogens
72
Do The Halogens get more or less reactive as you descend the group ?
Less reactive
73
Describe Fluorine (F)
Yellow gas
74
Describe Chlorine (Ci)
Green gas
75
Describe Bromine (Bi)
Red/brown liquid
76
Describe Iosine (I)
Violet/Black solid
77
What are the Group 0 (old group 8) elements called ?
The Noble Gases
78
How do The Noble Gases react in terms of reactivity ?
Fairly unreactive
79
What are atoms ?
Atoms are the smallest particle in which matter can easily be broken down.
80
What are atoms made of ?
Three types of sub-atomic particles
81
What are the three types of sub-atomic particles ?
Protons Electrons Neutrons
82
What is the mass of - protons - neutrons - electrons ?
- 1 a.m.u - 1 a.m.u - negligible
83
What does a.m.u stand for ?
Atomic mass unit
84
What is the charge of - protons - neutrons - electrons ?
- 1+ - Neutral - 1-
85
What is the location of - protons - neutrons - electrons ?
- nucleus of atom - nucleus of atom - outside nucleus in shells

Bethany - Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions