Test 2 Flashcards
(52 cards)
Diffusion
Random movement of molecules from high to low concentration
Cell Respiration Formula
Glucose + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + ATP
Electron Transport Chain and Krebs Cycle
1 ETP
Electrons travel through, donating energy, and are taken by O2 at the end of the chain to from H2O, a product of respiration
- Krebs Cycle
Conversion of Acetyl CoA into CO2 and NADH
Turgid
Plant Cells that have swollen due to osmosis into the cell
Enzymes
-ases. Do the “work”. Proteins. (polymers of amino acids)
Hypertonic
More solute and less free water than the inside of a cell Osmosis direction: Out
Allosteric inhibitors
Bind at a non-active or secondary site on an enzyme and changes the shape of the active site.
ADP –> ATP and NADH –> NAD+
5 ADP –> ATP
ATP synthase enzyme builds bonds to attach a phospate to ADP (di-phosphate), making it ATP (tri-phosphate)
8 NADH –> NAD+
NADH brings e- from the Krebs cycle to the ETP. When it deposits the e-‘s, it becomes NAD+ and returns to the Krebs for more e-
Table Salt
Sodium Chloride
Crenated
non-plant cells that have shriveled
What does the statement “small pebbles can cause big waves” mean in the context of biology?
This means that small changes in molecules or genetic sequence can have a huge impact on molecular function and life.
Acid
Low end of pH scale, more protons. Acid will LOWER the pH of water.
Factors than influence diffusion rate
Temperature - Higher temp = more molecule movement Size - larger molecules = slower movement Gradient - Higher concentration = more collision and movement
NADH vs NAD+
NADH “Charged” - Has electrons to take to the chain NAD+ : positive, has no electrons. Has already deposited
Photosynthesis Formula
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight = O2 + Glucose
Starch
Sugar
Intermembrane Space and Phospholipids
2 Intermembrane space
Space between mitochondrial cell wall and matrix. Proton gradient builds here.
11 Phospolipids
Lysed
Popped
ATP Synthase and Mitochondrial Matrix
3 ATP Synthase
Enzyme that synthesizes ATP. Powered by movement of protons through inner channel.
10 Matrix
Innermost site of mitochondria. Site of ADP –> ATP conversion and of O2 –> H20 conversion
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a membrane
Endosymbiotic Theory
Theory that chloroplasts are derived from an engulfed bacterial cell. Evidence: Double membrane, separate DNA that resembles that of bacteria
Isotonic
Solute and free water levels are equal both inside and outside of a cell.
Why are plants green
Because their chloroplasts REFLECT green light waves.
Hypotonic
Less solute and more free water than the inside of a cell. Osmosis direction: In
