Test 2

Question 1

Protic solvents

Answer 1

consist of molecules that can act as hydrogen-bond donors

Question 2

Polar solvents

Answer 2

polar molecules, have high dielectric constant

Question 3

Donor solvents

Answer 3

molecules that can donate unshared electron pairs-that is molecules that can act as lewis bases. (not nucleophiles bc don’t form bond with)

Question 4

Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen can be put btwn ____

Answer 4

oxygens, nitrogens, halogens

Question 5

Hexane

Answer 5

apolar, aprotic, nondonor

Question 6

THF

Answer 6

apolar, aprotic, donor and dissolves H₂O

Question 7

Acetic acid (C₂H₄O₂)

Answer 7

apolar, protic, donor

Question 8

Acetone (C₃H₆O)

Answer 8

polar, aprotic, donor

Question 9

H₂O

Answer 9

polar, protic, donor

Question 10

Alkyl Halide

Answer 10

Halogen bonded to the carbon of an alkyl group

Question 11

Alcohol

Answer 11

a hydroxy group (-OH) is bonded to the carbon of an alkyl group

Question 12

Thiols (Mercaptans)

Answer 12

a sulfahydryl group (-SH also called mercapto group) is bonded to an alkyl group

Question 13

Ether

Answer 13

an oxygen is bonded to two carbons groups

Question 14

Sulfide (thioether)

Answer 14

a sulfur bonded to two carbon groups

Question 15

Glycols

Answer 15

compounds that contain two or more hydroxy (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons

Question 16

Common nomenclature: Alkyl Halides

Answer 16

• name of alkyl group followed by name of halide
  ex: CH₃CH₂-Cl = ethyl cholride

Question 17

Common nomenclature: Alcohols and Thiols

Answer 17

Common name derived by specifying the alkyl group that is attached to the -OH or -SH group then adding the word alcohol or mercaptan

Question 18

Common nomenclature: Ethers and Sulfides

Answer 18

-cite the two groups attached to the Oxygen or Sulfur in alphabetical order and follow with the word ether (for O) or sulfide (for S)

Question 19

Oxirane (ethylene oxide)

Answer 19

-parent compound to a special class of heterocyclic ethers called epoxides

Question 20

Isomers

Answer 20

have the same molecular formula

Question 21

Stereoisomers

Answer 21

1. same molecular formula
2. same atomic connectivity

Question 22

constitutional isomers

Answer 22

1. same molecular formula
2. different atomic connectivity

Question 23

enantiomers

Answer 23

1. same molecular formula
2. same atomic connectivity
3. noncongruent mirror images

Question 24

diastereomers

Answer 24

1. same molecular formula
2. same atomic connectivity
3. not mirror images

Question 25

Meso compounds

Answer 25

1. same molecular formula 2. same atomic connectivity 3. congruent mirror images (internal plane of symmetry)

Question 26

Conformational stereoisomers

Answer 26

In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomerscan be interconverted exclusively by rotations about formally single bonds

Question 27

Naming: spirocyclic compounds

Answer 27

spira-[#Cs in ring 1. # Cs in ring two]-total carbons-ane

Question 28

Naming: bicyclic compounds

Answer 28

Fused: bicylco[# Cs ring 1. # Cs ring 2. 0]-total Cs-ane Bridged: bicylco[# Cs ring 1. # Cs ring 2. # Cs in bridge]-total Cs-ane