test 2

Question 1

what other titles are given to ancient Mesopotamia and what do the terms mean

Answer 1

~mesopotamians “land between rivers.” - given by the greeks
~fertile cresent- because it was the bread basket of fertile grounds
~cradle of civilization

Question 2

why was mesopotamia not rules by only one group of people

Answer 2

it is flat and un-defendable being right out in the open with no mountains so there was always chaos

Question 3

what was the earliest form of governmental authority in ancient mesopotamia and what did they not have at first, so in return had to have something else to rule.

Answer 3

city states. at first mesopotamia didn’t have kings, so an elite priestly ruled.

Question 4

what is a ziggurat what what does it symbolize

Answer 4

a temple at the top and an observatory because their gods were the planets. a holy mountain. made of mestaba

Question 5

accomplishments and inventions of the mesopotamians

Answer 5

360 equal points(a way to record time) 7-day week. irrigation. laws. developed writing “cuneiform” which means wedge. metal blades for plows. astronomy. potters wheel and transportation wheel. war chariots. composite bow. armor. iron weapons. use horses instead of donkey. horse shoes and bits. algebra.

Question 6

what does “wings or horns” signify

Answer 6

gods, divine, heavenly creatures

Question 7

major contributions of the sumerians

Answer 7

cuneiform “wedge”

Question 8

what does the standard of Ur depict

Answer 8

wealth on the bottom and military on top… propoganda

Question 9

the purpose of the “votive statuettes” from tell asmar

Answer 9

windows to the soul. used for perpetual worship

Question 10

the importance of the cast copper portrait bust of sargon

Answer 10

the first known hollow cast. has horns on the helmet. used a grid system based on 10 X 10. inlaid stone in the eyes

Question 11

the importance of madam-sin stele… what change does it suggest has taken place in governmental activity

Answer 11

he is now a god instead of a king

Question 12

what is the important contribution of hammurabis stele and what is depicted on it

Answer 12

the laws and was known as a great builder. its the first attempt of foreshortening in an image

Question 13

the importance of the “lamassu” sculptures at the palace entrance of Sargon 2

Answer 13

winged lion or a winged bull. a heavenly creature that was a guard of the king. 5 legs.

Question 14

who was the most renowned babylonian king

Answer 14

nebekenessur

Question 15

what neb-babylonians greatest attraction was in the ancient world

Answer 15

the hanging gardens of babylon

Question 16

what is special about the “Ishtar” gates

Answer 16

it displays the use of Mesopotamian arch. fired brick

Question 17

why did egypt enjoy consistency for millennia in its culture

Answer 17

national barriers

Question 18

the different periods of ancient egypt

Answer 18

predynastic, old, intermediate, middle, intermediate, and new

Question 19

the divisions of ancient egypts kingdoms

Answer 19

upper and lower… based on the flow of the nile river

Question 20

who was the first pharaoh to unite ancient egypt

Answer 20

namere

Question 21

what main artifacts is attributed to his rule and what its importance historically in egyptian art

Answer 21

the palate of namer- one of the only historical references in egyptian art to an actual event

Question 22

what type of mortuary structure pre-dynastic egyptians were buried in

Answer 22

mastaba- rectangular sun dried brick

Question 23

the pharaoh who changed the type of mortuary structure used for burial at the end of the pre-dynastic period and how was it different

Answer 23

djoser- this was used from cultural transfer. looks like a ziggurat but not because it wasn’t a temple or an observatory, but a burial chamber

Question 24

the significance of the stiff stance of pharaonic structure

Answer 24

means eternalness… unmovable, unchanging

Question 25

who were the pharaohs

Answer 25

god king, father, egypt itself

Question 26

the importance of the mortuary structures of gyoza complex

Answer 26

the largest man-made structure on the earth. considered one of the 7 great wonders of the world. its a family mortuary plot

Question 27

the pharaohs who built the mortuary structures of giza

Answer 27

khufu, khafra, menkaura

Question 28

what material was often used to carve statues of the pharaoh and why

Answer 28

stone. lasts longer than anything else

Question 29

why are the tombs at bani hasan unique

Answer 29

they are cut into the cliff because they were raided a lot

Question 30

what do the tombs represent

Answer 30

palaces for the afterlife

flouted columns inside- most columns looked like plants

Question 31

what subtle changes were made in ancient egyptian art during this period and what stayed the same

Answer 31

the imagery on the wall- naturalism. to all images besides them dealing with the pharaoh … delicate art

Question 32

what ancient egyptian god rose from local to national prominence during the new kingdom period

Answer 32

amen

Question 33

what other god that amen was fused with would have important ramifications in a future egypt

Answer 33

rah- we end up with herotik

Question 34

what is the importance of the thebes and what its egyptian name was

Answer 34

waset. the center of power for the pharaoh, and the local site where they would decide their god. amen becomes the national god of egypt.

Question 35

what was the importance of Hatshepsut

Answer 35

the first female pharaoh. sets in her place a series of dynamic buildings that primarily take place in theves

Question 36

the importance of karnak

Answer 36

the center of hatshepsuts mortuary temple building.

architectural innovations- clerestory (vent, un-windowed structures and provide natural light)

Question 37

the importance of amenhotep 5.. aka akhenaton to ancient egyptian history

Answer 37

he makes egypt monotheism

changes god from amen to aton

Question 38

the importance of ramesus 2

Answer 38

he is the pharaoh who expands egypt north to south

Question 39

what are some important innovations to develop in egyptian art in this period

Answer 39

sunken reliefs in art and changes in the imagery with the introduction of movement
the pharaoh loses its masculine shape
tut changes the religion back