Test 2 Flashcards
Stats
Numerical facts
Testimony
Quote or summarize ideas of others
Expert testimony
Comes from pple qualified by training or experience to speak as authorities on a subject
Lay testimony
Wisdom of ordinary pple
Prestige testimony
Associates message w/ words of an admired figure
Examples
Verbal illustrations in speech
Brief examples
Mentions specific instance to demonstrate more general statement
Extended example
Provides more detail, allows speaker to more fully develop example
Factual example
Based on actual event or experience of real person
Hypothetical example
Not real but representative of actual pple, situations, or events
Narratives
Story that conveys idea or estbl a mood
Supporting materials
Facts, stats, testimony, examples, & narratives
Principles of good form
Simplicity, balance/symmetry, & order
Simplicity
Limit # of main ideas, repeat for emphasis, & use direct & to the point wording
Balance
- main points should be equally developed
- 25%-50%-25%
Order
Consistent pattern of development throughout speech
Facts
Verifiable units of info
Organization patterns
Principle of simplicity, proximity, & closure
Principle of simplicity
Categorical & topical design
Principle of proximity
Chronological, spatial, & sequential design
Principle of closure
Casual & problem-solution design
Categorical design
“Topical”; arranges main ideas of speech so they reflect major pts of emphasis
Comparative design
Explores similarities & differences among things
Spatial design
Arrange main pts as they occur in actual space
Sequential design
Explains steps of process in order in which they occur
Causation design
Traces consequences of situation, proceeding from cause>effect or vice versa
Problem-solution design
Focuses attention on problem & then provides answer for it
Transitions
Verbal & non verbal cues to tell audience you’re finished w/ 1 pt & are moving to the next
Internal summary
W/in body of speech; reminds listeners of pts already covered
Introduction
- capture attention
- thesis, credibility
- common ground
- preview pts
Capturing attention
#audience participation #address audience, location, or occasion #open w/ narrative/quote
Common ground
What speeker has in common w/ audience
Preview
Preview pts of the speech
Conclusion
Summarize speech. Restate main pts, final concluding thought
Concluding thought
Echo intro, issue call to action, quote
Types of informative speaking
Description, demonstration, explanation
Description speech
Illustrates activity, object, person, or place
Demonstration speech
Shows audience how to do something or how it works
Explanation speech
Offers info a/b abstract & complex subjects
