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Psych test 1 > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nate has a cat that sometimes bites him when he is petting it. whenever the cat bites, nate naturally pulls his hand away in response. nate begins to notice that right before the cat bites it flattens its ears. eventually after associating flattening of the ears with biting, nate learns to pull his hand away just by seeing the flattened ears. What type of conditioning? US, UR, NS, CS, CR?

A 
Classical conditioning
US=Biting
UR=pull hand away
NS=flattening ears
CS=flattening ears
CR=pull hand away
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2
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning association between 2 stimuli

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3
Q

Generalization (Learning)

A

CR occurs with stimuli that is similar to original

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4
Q

Extinction (Learning)

A

Complete elimination of CR

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5
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

eliminating CR then suddenly remembering it

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6
Q

Positive punishment

A

Adding bad things

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7
Q

Negative punishment

A

Taking away good things

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8
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Add good things

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9
Q

negative reinforcement

A

taking away bad things

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10
Q

fixed ratio

A

reward after fixed number of responses

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11
Q

variable ratio

A

reward after varying number of responses

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12
Q

variable interval

A

reward after varying amount of time

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13
Q

fixed interval

A

reward after fixed amount of time

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14
Q

encoding

A

moving from short term memory to long term memory

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15
Q

attention

A

needed to move from sensory memory to short term memory

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16
Q

retrieval

A

needed to move from long term memory to short term memory

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17
Q

when can forgetting occur

A

from sensory on

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18
Q

ionic

A

memory through visuals (Eyes)

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19
Q

Echoic

A

Memory through auditory (Ears)

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20
Q

Autobiographical memory (LTM)

A

Based on events from the individuals life

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21
Q

Declarative memory (LTM)

A

Consiously recalled such as facts or knowledge

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22
Q

Semantic memory (LTM)

A

common sense (names, colors)

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23
Q

Episodic memory (LTM)

A

Memorys that occur in a specific time and place. emotional connection

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24
Q

State dependent memory

A

Memory based off internal body states

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25
Q

Context dependent memory

A

Context with memory (Gum)

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26
Q

procedural memory

A

motor skills, riding a bike

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27
Q

prototype

A

general example

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28
Q

exemplar

A

specific example

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29
Q

failure to encode (Forgetting)

A

failure to encode (substances, health)

30
Q

Displacement (Forgetting)

A

When STM is full and info gets pushed out

31
Q

retrieval failure (Forgetting)

A

memory can not be accessed

32
Q

Decay

A

over time memory starts to break down

33
Q

interference (proactive+retroactve)

A

proactive=previous memory

retroactive=recent memory

34
Q

elaborative encoding

A

relating new info to old

35
Q

maintenance encoding

A

constantly repeating

36
Q

what level of stress is best for memory retention

A

moderate

37
Q

algorithims

A

formulas that guarantee right answer

38
Q

hueristics

A

doesn’t guarantee right answer but gives close estimate

39
Q

what do babies use to survive

A

cuteness,mimicry,face preference

40
Q

reflexes newborns have

A 
Stepping
moro
grasping
rooting
floating
41
Q

preoperational stage (Piagets stages of development)

A 
object permanence
2-7 years
symbolic function
egocentric
lack centration
42
Q

concrete operations stage (Piagets stages of development)

A

centration
7-12 years
decreased egocentrism
lack logical reasoning and hypotheticals

43
Q

formal operations stage (Piagets stages of development)

A

hypothetical reasoning

12+ years

44
Q

expectation of listeners knowledge(Audience design)

A

expectation of understanding

45
Q

community membership (Audience design)

A

from the same community

46
Q

linguistic copresence (Audience design)

A

same knowledge, beliefs, understandings

47
Q

physical copresence (Audience design)

A

being in the same room

48
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

words have different meaning

49
Q

structural ambiguity

A

sentences have more than one meaning

50
Q

secure (Infant attachment styles)

A

caregiver meets childs needs

51
Q

anxious ambivalent (Infant attachment styles)

A

inconsistently meets childs needs

52
Q

Anxious avoiding (Infant attachment styles)

A

doesn’t meet childs needs

53
Q

pre conventional (stages of morality)

A

based on punishment

54
Q

conventional (stages of morality)

A

society says its wrong

55
Q

post conventional (stages of morality)

A

what you think is right

56
Q

authoritative (parenting style)

A

high demand/high responsiveness

57
Q

authoritarian

A

high demand/low response

58
Q

independent/permissive

A

low demand/high responsiveness

59
Q

neglected/uninvolved

A

low demand/low responsiveness

60
Q

Operant conditioning

A

learning association between actions and consequences

61
Q

according to the serial position effect, what two types of info do we tend to have better memory for

A

Primacy-remembering the first part

Recency-remembering the last part

62
Q

Availability hueristic

A

availability of info

63
Q

Consensus heuristic

A

assume others think like us

64
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Seek out info that confirms our beliefs

65
Q

stepping (Baby reflex)

A

stepping motion when sole of foot touches hard surface

66
Q

moro

A

outstretching of arms and legs in response to sudden change

67
Q

grasping

A

grasping of object that touches hand

68
Q

rooting

A

turning of an infants head towards a stimulus such a breast or hand

69
Q

floating

A

floating in water

70
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth to 2 years
understand through senses and motor activity
lack object permanence

Psych test 1 (2 decks)

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