TEST 2 Flashcards
Nate has a cat that sometimes bites him when he is petting it. whenever the cat bites, nate naturally pulls his hand away in response. nate begins to notice that right before the cat bites it flattens its ears. eventually after associating flattening of the ears with biting, nate learns to pull his hand away just by seeing the flattened ears. What type of conditioning? US, UR, NS, CS, CR?
Classical conditioning US=Biting UR=pull hand away NS=flattening ears CS=flattening ears CR=pull hand away
Classical conditioning
Learning association between 2 stimuli
Generalization (Learning)
CR occurs with stimuli that is similar to original
Extinction (Learning)
Complete elimination of CR
Spontaneous recovery
eliminating CR then suddenly remembering it
Positive punishment
Adding bad things
Negative punishment
Taking away good things
Positive reinforcement
Add good things
negative reinforcement
taking away bad things
fixed ratio
reward after fixed number of responses
variable ratio
reward after varying number of responses
variable interval
reward after varying amount of time
fixed interval
reward after fixed amount of time
encoding
moving from short term memory to long term memory
attention
needed to move from sensory memory to short term memory
retrieval
needed to move from long term memory to short term memory
when can forgetting occur
from sensory on
ionic
memory through visuals (Eyes)
Echoic
Memory through auditory (Ears)
Autobiographical memory (LTM)
Based on events from the individuals life
Declarative memory (LTM)
Consiously recalled such as facts or knowledge
Semantic memory (LTM)
common sense (names, colors)
Episodic memory (LTM)
Memorys that occur in a specific time and place. emotional connection
State dependent memory
Memory based off internal body states
Context dependent memory
Context with memory (Gum)
procedural memory
motor skills, riding a bike
prototype
general example
exemplar
specific example
failure to encode (Forgetting)
failure to encode (substances, health)
Displacement (Forgetting)
When STM is full and info gets pushed out
retrieval failure (Forgetting)
memory can not be accessed
Decay
over time memory starts to break down
interference (proactive+retroactve)
proactive=previous memory
retroactive=recent memory
elaborative encoding
relating new info to old
maintenance encoding
constantly repeating
what level of stress is best for memory retention
moderate
algorithims
formulas that guarantee right answer
hueristics
doesn’t guarantee right answer but gives close estimate
what do babies use to survive
cuteness,mimicry,face preference
reflexes newborns have
Stepping moro grasping rooting floating
preoperational stage (Piagets stages of development)
object permanence 2-7 years symbolic function egocentric lack centration
concrete operations stage (Piagets stages of development)
centration
7-12 years
decreased egocentrism
lack logical reasoning and hypotheticals
formal operations stage (Piagets stages of development)
hypothetical reasoning
12+ years
expectation of listeners knowledge(Audience design)
expectation of understanding
community membership (Audience design)
from the same community
linguistic copresence (Audience design)
same knowledge, beliefs, understandings
physical copresence (Audience design)
being in the same room
lexical ambiguity
words have different meaning
structural ambiguity
sentences have more than one meaning
secure (Infant attachment styles)
caregiver meets childs needs
anxious ambivalent (Infant attachment styles)
inconsistently meets childs needs
Anxious avoiding (Infant attachment styles)
doesn’t meet childs needs
pre conventional (stages of morality)
based on punishment
conventional (stages of morality)
society says its wrong
post conventional (stages of morality)
what you think is right
authoritative (parenting style)
high demand/high responsiveness
authoritarian
high demand/low response
independent/permissive
low demand/high responsiveness
neglected/uninvolved
low demand/low responsiveness
Operant conditioning
learning association between actions and consequences
according to the serial position effect, what two types of info do we tend to have better memory for
Primacy-remembering the first part
Recency-remembering the last part
Availability hueristic
availability of info
Consensus heuristic
assume others think like us
Confirmation bias
Seek out info that confirms our beliefs
stepping (Baby reflex)
stepping motion when sole of foot touches hard surface
moro
outstretching of arms and legs in response to sudden change
grasping
grasping of object that touches hand
rooting
turning of an infants head towards a stimulus such a breast or hand
floating
floating in water
sensorimotor stage
birth to 2 years
understand through senses and motor activity
lack object permanence
