TEST 2 Flashcards by Matt McCann

Nate has a cat that sometimes bites him when he is petting it. whenever the cat bites, nate naturally pulls his hand away in response. nate begins to notice that right before the cat bites it flattens its ears. eventually after associating flattening of the ears with biting, nate learns to pull his hand away just by seeing the flattened ears. What type of conditioning? US, UR, NS, CS, CR?

Classical conditioning
US=Biting
UR=pull hand away
NS=flattening ears
CS=flattening ears
CR=pull hand away

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Classical conditioning

Learning association between 2 stimuli

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Generalization (Learning)

CR occurs with stimuli that is similar to original

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Extinction (Learning)

Complete elimination of CR

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Spontaneous recovery

eliminating CR then suddenly remembering it

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Positive punishment

Adding bad things

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Negative punishment

Taking away good things

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Positive reinforcement

Add good things

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negative reinforcement

taking away bad things

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fixed ratio

reward after fixed number of responses

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variable ratio

reward after varying number of responses

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variable interval

reward after varying amount of time

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fixed interval

reward after fixed amount of time

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encoding

moving from short term memory to long term memory

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attention

needed to move from sensory memory to short term memory

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retrieval

needed to move from long term memory to short term memory

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when can forgetting occur

from sensory on

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ionic

memory through visuals (Eyes)

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Echoic

Memory through auditory (Ears)

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Autobiographical memory (LTM)

Based on events from the individuals life

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Declarative memory (LTM)

Consiously recalled such as facts or knowledge

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Semantic memory (LTM)

common sense (names, colors)

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Episodic memory (LTM)

Memorys that occur in a specific time and place. emotional connection

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State dependent memory

Memory based off internal body states

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Context dependent memory

Context with memory (Gum)

procedural memory

motor skills, riding a bike

prototype

general example

exemplar

specific example

failure to encode (Forgetting)

failure to encode (substances, health)

Displacement (Forgetting)

When STM is full and info gets pushed out

retrieval failure (Forgetting)

memory can not be accessed

Decay

over time memory starts to break down

interference (proactive+retroactve)

proactive=previous memory | retroactive=recent memory

elaborative encoding

relating new info to old

maintenance encoding

constantly repeating

what level of stress is best for memory retention

moderate

algorithims

formulas that guarantee right answer

hueristics

doesn't guarantee right answer but gives close estimate

what do babies use to survive

cuteness,mimicry,face preference

reflexes newborns have

``` Stepping moro grasping rooting floating ```

preoperational stage (Piagets stages of development)

``` object permanence 2-7 years symbolic function egocentric lack centration ```

concrete operations stage (Piagets stages of development)

centration 7-12 years decreased egocentrism lack logical reasoning and hypotheticals

formal operations stage (Piagets stages of development)

hypothetical reasoning | 12+ years

expectation of listeners knowledge(Audience design)

expectation of understanding

community membership (Audience design)

from the same community

linguistic copresence (Audience design)

same knowledge, beliefs, understandings

physical copresence (Audience design)

being in the same room

lexical ambiguity

words have different meaning

structural ambiguity

sentences have more than one meaning

secure (Infant attachment styles)

caregiver meets childs needs

anxious ambivalent (Infant attachment styles)

inconsistently meets childs needs

Anxious avoiding (Infant attachment styles)

doesn't meet childs needs

pre conventional (stages of morality)

based on punishment

conventional (stages of morality)

society says its wrong

post conventional (stages of morality)

what you think is right

authoritative (parenting style)

high demand/high responsiveness

authoritarian

high demand/low response

independent/permissive

low demand/high responsiveness

neglected/uninvolved

low demand/low responsiveness

Operant conditioning

learning association between actions and consequences

according to the serial position effect, what two types of info do we tend to have better memory for

Primacy-remembering the first part | Recency-remembering the last part

Availability hueristic

availability of info

Consensus heuristic

assume others think like us

Confirmation bias

Seek out info that confirms our beliefs

stepping (Baby reflex)

stepping motion when sole of foot touches hard surface

moro

outstretching of arms and legs in response to sudden change

grasping

grasping of object that touches hand

rooting

turning of an infants head towards a stimulus such a breast or hand

floating

floating in water

sensorimotor stage

birth to 2 years understand through senses and motor activity lack object permanence