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Psych test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is psychology

A

The study of behavior and mental processes

-scientific, provides evidence

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2
Q

How are common sense and psychology related

A

most of the time psychology goes against common sense

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3
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

A prediction for an experiment

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4
Q

what is a correlation

A

A relationship between 2 or more things without reason. no control of variables

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5
Q

what is an experiment

A

a scientific procedure to make a discovery. controls variables

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6
Q

What discipline is responsible for providing the foundations of psychology

A

philosophy

-it has been questions that was never tested

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7
Q

what is psychodynamic (7 schools)

A

powerful inner desire/emotions and feelings

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8
Q

Behaviorism (7 schools)

A

environment and consequences

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9
Q

Humanism (7 schools)

A

the goodness of people

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10
Q

cognitive (7 schools)

A

thought processes

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11
Q

biological (7 schools)

A

brain and body function

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12
Q

evolutionary (7 schools)

A

adaptations for survival

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13
Q

sociocultural (7 schools)

A

society and culture

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14
Q

Naturalistic observation (Descriptive methods)

A

Observe and record data in natural setting

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15
Q

Case study (Descriptive methods)

A

Sinle unit in great depth over a long period

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16
Q

Survey research (Descriptive methods)

A

Large number of people with questionnaires

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17
Q

Correlational research (Descriptive methods)

A

Measure 2 or more variables as they occur naturally (range from -1 to +1)

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18
Q

Positive correlation

A

both variables increase together (higher number is stronger)

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19
Q

Negative correlation

A

One variable increases, one decreases (higher number is stronger)

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20
Q

why does correlation not equal causation

A
  • correlation tells us how variables are related and the degree/strength of that relationship
  • not manipulating variables
  • extrenous variables
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21
Q

which variable in an experiment do you manipulate

A

Independent variable

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22
Q

Which variable in an experiment do you measure

A

Dependent

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23
Q

what does random assignment ensure

A

equal distribution of qualities

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24
Q

What makes a test reliable

A

its consistency

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25
Q

Expain the process of how a neuron passes info to another neuron

A

Neurons communicate using electrical impulses. There is a gap called the presynaptic, sending neuron, and the postsynaptic, receiving neuron. the axon in the presynaptic neuron sends signals to the neurotransmitters which decide if they should fire or not. these neurotransmitters can bind to receptor sites on dendrites. if the neurotransmitter is unable to bind to the specific shape or there are already too many known neurotransmitters the presynaptic takes back the neuron through reuptake

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26
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Front of the brain

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27
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Bottom section of the brain

28
Q

occipital lobe

A

back portion of the brain

29
Q

parietal lobe

A

middle section of the brain

30
Q

which part of the brain controls memory, reason, logic and planning (thought)

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

Which part of the brain controls involuntary responses (heart beat, breathing)

A

Brain stem

32
Q

Brocks aphasia

A

Impairs speech production (left frontal lobe)

33
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

impairs coherent speech and understanding (left temporal lobe)

34
Q

Which hemisphere controls visual/spatial, emotion and creativity

A

Right

35
Q

Which hemisphere of the brain controls language, numerical skills, analytical

A

Left

36
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for reflexes

A

Spinal cord

37
Q

which division of peripheral nervous system controls adrenaline response

A

sympathetic

38
Q

which part of periphery nervous system calms you down

A

parasympathetic

39
Q

what is the process of naturalization

A
  • environmental pressure: overpopulation
  • competition for resources: not enough food
  • variation of phenotypes: some born with longer necks
  • survival of fittest: longer necked giraffes survive
  • reproductive success: pass on long neck traits
40
Q

4 types of artificial selection

A
  • selective breeding
  • eugenics- francis galton (steralize mentally ill)
  • aryan race: hitler
  • Social Darwinism- herbert spencer (Dont help those failing in environment)
41
Q

What is a genotype

A

DNA sequence

42
Q

Phenotype

A

expression of gene

43
Q

difference between perception and sensation

A

sensation- receiving sensory stimuli

Perception- interpreting and applying meaning

44
Q

What is the after image effect and what theory of color vision can be used to explain it

A
  • optical illusion in which an image continues to appear briefly even after exposure to image has ended
  • explained by opponent process theory (red/green, yellow/blue, white light/no light)
45
Q

Transduction

A

transferring the sensation into a neural impulse

46
Q

Absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of stimuli that is detected 50% of the time

47
Q

adaptation

A

Receptors becoming less sensitive to unchanging stimuli

48
Q

3 components of sound waves and examples

A
  • frequency (cycles/min) :pitch
  • amplitude (height): loudness
  • timbre: distinct quality
49
Q

4 kinds of taste sensation (what is not)

A

sweet,salty,sour,bitter (Spicy is not)

50
Q

When can smells be detected

A

If molecules vaporize

-heat speeds up

51
Q

when can sounds be heard

A

when sound waves have a medium

52
Q

how do you know a plane in the air is not 2 inches big

A

size consistency

53
Q

different types of perceptual organization

A

SIMILARITY: group similar things
PROXIMITY: group closer things together
GOOD CONTINUATION: group if things appear to be continous
CLOSURE: complete figures with gaps

54
Q

What can cause you to miss something in plain sight

A

Inattentional blindness

55
Q

What can cause you to see something but not realize what it is

A

Preconsious processing

56
Q

how do context and expectations effect our perceptions

A

context: perceived based on surrounding context
Expectation: perceive based on expectations

57
Q

what is an illusion

A

perceptual expectations that can trick us

58
Q

Why is the strop test hard for adults and not children

A
  • children have not yet learned how to read so they don’t know the words
  • adults its difficult to suppress automatic consiousness
59
Q

three types of consciousness

A
  • consious-current awareness
  • preconsious-anything you can bring to mind
  • unconsious-lack of awareness
60
Q

What is REM sleep for

A

Mental recuperation

61
Q

What is SWS slow wave sleep for

A

physical exertion recuperation

62
Q

What is manifest

A

Story line of dream

63
Q

what is latent

A

hidden, inferred part of dream, true meaning

64
Q

circadian theory

A

we sleep to protect ourselves from predators

65
Q

restoration theory

A

we sleep to recover from exertion

66
Q

Different theories of why we dream

A

-Freudian theory: expression of unconsciousness
Activation-synthesis theory: Random bursts in REM (tries to make sense)
Epiphenomenal memory theory: encode new memories during REM

67
Q

3 components of light waves

A
  • hue- specific color
  • saturation-purity
  • brightness-intensity

Psych test 1 (2 decks)

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