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Geography Test 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Natural resources

A

Natural Resource is a physically occurring item that a population perceives to be necessary or useful to its maintenance and well being

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1
Q

What natural resources lesson can we learn from what happened on Nauru?

A
  • We can learn to keep the natural resources going instead of wasting all of them and then not having any more for the people that will live after us
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2
Q

Renewable resources

A

Renewable resources are naturally occurring material that is potentially inexhaustible, because either it flows continuously or it is renewed within a short amount of time.

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3
Q

Nonrenewable resources

A

–Nonrenewable resources are a natural resource that is not replenished or replaced by natural processes or is used at a rate that exceeds its replaceable rate.

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4
Q

Perpetually renewable resources

A

–Perpetually Renewable resources come from sources that are virtually inexhaustible, such as the sun, wind, waves, tides, and geothermal energy.

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5
Q

Potentially renewable resources

A

–Potentially Renewable resources are renewable if left to nature but can be destroyed if people use them car

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6
Q

Proved reserve

A

-Proved Reserve is the portion of a natural resource that has been identified and can be extracted profitably with current technology.

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7
Q

Energy

A

-Energy is the ability to do work.

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8
Q

Potential energy

A

is the energy stored in a particle or body.

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9
Q

Kinetic energy

A

is the energy that results from the motion of a particle or body.

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10
Q

Energy efficiency

A

is the ratio of the output of useful energy from a conversion process to the total energy input

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11
Q

Examples of renewable energy resources are:

A

wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, and biomass energy.

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12
Q

Non renewable energy resources examples

A

fossil fuels, oil, gas and coal, uranium

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13
Q

OPEC

A

organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

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14
Q

Hydraulic fracturing

A

The forcing open of fissures in subterranean rocks by introducing liquid at high pressure, especially to extract oil or gas.

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15
Q

lignite

A

barely compacted from the original peat

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16
Q

Bituminous

A

soft Coal

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17
Q

Anthracite

A

hard coal

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18
Q

What recourses do you perceive in this photo

A

the original hardwood forest covering these West Virginia hills was removed by settlers who saw greater resource values in the underlying soi

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19
Q

How much oil is left in the world

A

32 billion barrels

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20
Q

How do we use natural gas resources?

A

A clean generating source for almost a quarter of the nation’s electric power. Efficient heating, water heating and cooking for homes and businesses.

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21
Q

LNG

A

Liquefied natural gas That has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport.

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22
Q

Shale gas

A

natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations.

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23
Q

Nuclear fission

A

is the main process generating nuclearenergy. Radioactive decay of both fission products and transuranic elements formed in a reactor yield heat even after fissionhas ceased.

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24
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy).

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25
Q

What resource is used for nuclear energy?

A

Uranium

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26
Q

Examples of biomass fuels

A

Woody fuels, forestry residues, milk residues, agricultural residues

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27
Q

Hydropower

A

power derived from the energy of falling water and running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.

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28
Q

Solar power is generated by:

A

photovoltaic (PV) panels convert the sun’s rays into electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light from the sun.

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29
Q

photovoltaic cell

A

is a specialized semiconductor diode that converts visible light into direct current (DC). Some PV cells can also convert infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation into DC electricity.

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30
Q

Geothermal energy

A

the heat from the Earth. It’s clean and sustainable.
-range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth’s surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

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31
Q

Wind power

A

extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping, and sails to propel ships.

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32
Q

Wind power advantages

A

Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green house gases or other pollutants.

33
Q

Wind power disadvantage

A

The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.

34
Q

Ore

A

a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted.

35
Q

What causes Soil erosion ?

A

low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process

36
Q

Deforestation

A

is the process whereby natural forests are cleared through logging and/or burning, either to use the timber or to replace the area for alternative uses.

37
Q

Desertification

A

type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife

38
Q

Salinization

A

process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil.

39
Q

Wetlands

A

land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated land.

40
Q

Estuarine zone

A

body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the seawater. Estuaries and the lands surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea, and from freshwater to saltwater

41
Q

Northern coniferous (softwood) forest

A

vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing, needle-leaved, or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in regions of the world that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation.

42
Q

Temperate hardwood forests

A

dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm, moist summers and mild winters

43
Q

Tropical lowland forest

A

commonly known as tropical rainforests, are forests which receive high rainfall (more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year. These forests occur in a belt around the equator,

44
Q

Old growth

A

termed primary forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, late seral forest, or in Britain, ancient woodland) is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance and thereby exhibits unique ecological features and might be classified as a climax community.

45
Q

Sustainable development

A

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

46
Q

Conservation

A

the action of conserving something, in particular.

47
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

An economic problem in which every individual tries to reap the greatest benefit from a given resource. As the demand for the resource overwhelms the supply, every individual who consumes an additional unit directly harms others who can no longer enjoy the benefits.

48
Q

Great pacific garbage patch

A

Captain more was coming home from a sailing race and he came upon a bunch of debris. Heavy currents hold trash between Hawaii and Japan

49
Q

Ecology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

50
Q

Biosphere

A

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

51
Q

Ecosystems

A

community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.

52
Q

Food chain

A

a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from “producer” species (such as grass or trees) and ending at apex predator “decomposer” species (like grizzly bears or killer whales).

53
Q

What is the IPAT equation

A

way to calculate the impact of humans on the environment. IPAT is an equation that expresses the idea that environmental impact (I) is the product of three factors: Population (P), Affluence (A) and Technology (T).

54
Q

Where is most of the worlds water located?

A

Oceans

55
Q

Where is most of the worlds freshwater located?

A

Icecaps and glaciers

56
Q

Ogallala aquifer

A

Largest underground water supply in the US , it is starting to deplete

57
Q

Kissimmee River

A

Army corps of engineers turned it into a straight canal, eliminating wetlands, degrading bird and fish populations

58
Q

Aral Sea

A

Surface area and the volume of water has both gone down

Government has made a dam and dikes which has made the fish stock go up and the sea has risen

59
Q

Point Source of solution

A

Pollution originating from a discrete source, such as a smoke-stack or the outflow from a pipe

60
Q

Nonpoint source of pollution

A

Pollution from a broad area such as one of the fertilizer or pesticide application, rather that from a discrete source

61
Q

What types of water pollution are attributed to industry?

A

Lead , mercury, nitrates , phosphates

62
Q

How does mining contribute to water pollution?

A

Acid mining drain,metal contamination, and increased sediment levels in streams

63
Q

what is the source of air pollution?

A

The combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in automobiles, trucks, and jet airplanes produces several primary pollutants: nitrogen oxides, gaseous hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide, as well as large quantities of particulates, chiefly lead.

64
Q

Primary air pollution

A

air pollutant emitted directly from a source

65
Q

Secondary air pollutions

A

is not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere.

66
Q

Acid rain

A

rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions

67
Q

What are the effects of acid rain?

A

acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to the damage of trees at high elevations

68
Q

Endangered species

A

a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.

69
Q

Vulnerable species

A

one which has been categorised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve.

70
Q

Threatened species

A

which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.

71
Q

Extinct species

A

end of an organism or of a group of organisms

72
Q

Exotic species

A

A plant , an animal or anther organism that has been deliberately or inadvertently introduced into an ecosystem in which it did not evolve

73
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism.

74
Q

Biomagnification

A

occurs when the concentration of a substance, such as DDT or mercury, in an organism exceeds the background concentration of the substance in its diet

75
Q

NIMBY

A

pejorative characterization of opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them, often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away.

76
Q

How does the government define hazardous waste?

A

waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment.

77
Q

What is e-waste ?

A

electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life.

78
Q

Why do people not recycle ?

A

Inconvenient
Lack of space
To confusing

79
Q

Yucca mountain

A

geologic repository designed to store and dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste.

80
Q

Times beach Missouri

A

dioxin contamination

A boy got in trouble and had to cover the roads with oil to control the dust but the oil was full of dioxin

Geography Test 2 (2 decks)

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