Test #2 Flashcards
Define varus
turned inward
What is a likely cause of the development of hip dysplasia (DDH)?
Multiple gestations
When the lumbar and cervical spine excessively concave (swayback)
Lordosis
The maneuver to place the already dislocated hip back in to place or normal position.
Ortalani
The maneuver to determine if the femoral head can be dislocated from the acetabulum.
Barlow
The name to assess the femoral length. Knees are uneven
Galeazzi
Adduction of the forefoot, Vargus of the heel.
Clubfoot - Talipes Equinovarus
The congenital webbing of digits.
Syndactly
When a NB has an ineffective suck, swallow, and persistent drooling, check facial symmetry, can’t make a good seal around bottle you should think…
Injury to the facial nerve
What is the most common birth fracture?
Clavicular fractures
What injury happens when the nerve root is completely pulled out of the vertebral body?
The nerve innervation is not coming back.
What injury occurs at C 5-7 in the brachial plexus?
Erb’s palsy
When the grasp is intact but no moro on the affected side think…
Total brachial plexus injury C5-T1.
What is the treatment for Brachial Plexus injuries?
Immobilization for 1-5 days
splints
passive range of motion
gradual increase in activity
What is the % chance of having a major anomaly when 3 or more minor anomalies are present?
90%
What is a common polygenic defect?
Cleft lip and cleft palate
What are non-sex chromosomes called?
autosomes
What disorder is caused by monosomy 45?
Turners. 45 XO (missing the other X)
What disorder has a flat nasal bridge, upward slant of the palpebral fissures, protruding tongue, brachycephaly?
Trisomy 21
What are two common congenital defects arise with Trisomy 21?
Congenital heart defects
GI malformations
What disorder has flexed overlapped fingers, hypoplastic nails, rocker-bottom feet
Trisomy 18
What disorder has cardiac defects and bilateral cleft lip/palate?
Trisomy 13
The combination of defects occurring together but in a less fixed group?
Association
An infant with brushfield spots and small low set and square ears should be evaluated for
Down’s syndrome
An x-linked recessive inheritance pattern is based on which of the following?
Females carry the gene
What spots can indicate neurofibromatosis is there are more than 3 and are >1.5 cm?
Café Au Lait spots
Port wine staines can sometimes indicate…
CNA abnormalities
If an infant can still have the MORO reflex at
3 months
What are the most common and significant sign of neurological dysfunction in the newborn?
Seizures
The probability of test negative when true disease is absent.
Specificity
What is to diagnosis shortly after birth infants with genetic diseases in which early treatment prevents or minimizes serious, irreversible complications or even death.
Neonatal screening
What is a criteria for selecting disease for screening?
When the disease is amenable to treat (no sure)
The list os screening criteria includes…
- sensitive and specific test
- Reliable means of reporting
- resources fro tx
- Cost of testing outweighed savings in human misery
What is the most accurate indicator of infection (<1500/mm3)?
Neutropenia
What is the normal value of C-Reactive Protein?
<1.0mg/dL thereafter
What is the desired inspiratory location?
R hemi-diaphragm at or below level of the 8th rib
When the baby is rotated the X-ray looks?
chest structures closest to the beam are magnified and appear enlarged and distorted
What affects the appearance of the ribs and you are unable to correctly assess line and tube location?
Angulation
When the xray is over exposed it will look…
Dark
What x-ray view is when the x-ray beam passes horizontally through patient in the supine position?
Lateral
What penetration (over/under) will make the disease look better than it really is?
Over Penetration
When the trachea is deviated?
Mediastinal shift
What percentage of cardiothoracic ratio suggests cardiomeglay?
> 60%
When is transient cardiomegaly seen?
Asphyxia
When can a gasless abdomen seen?
Esophageal Atresia without fistula
Where is the level of the carina?
T4
What are the UAC line placements? Low? High?
Low - L3-L4
High - T6-T9
What is the correct placement for UVC?
above the diaphragm in the IVC and outside the R atrium
What is the correct placement for a PICC?
Tip at the junction of SVC and R atrium. 1cm outside the cardiac sillhouette in preterm and 2cm outside in term.
What error happens with trisomy?
nondy junction?! not sure
What is the cardiac and GI problem associated with trisomy 21
AV canal and duodenal atresia
in the association of VATERS, what does the acronym mean?
V = vertebral or VSD A = anal TE = TE fistula R = renal or radial S = single umbilical artery
When there is resp distress with cyanosis and asymmetric chest movement but no lung disease?
Phrenic Nerve Palsy
When there is resp distress with cyanosis and asymmetric chest movement but no lung disease?
Phrenic Nerve Palsy
What type of birth injury is the most common and life threatening?
Hepatic injuries
Rooting reflex should disappear at what age?
4 months
Palmar grasp should disappear at what age?
2 months
When should the Tonic neck reflex (“fencing reflex”) disappear?
7 months
