Test #1 Flashcards
What is the most accurate way to measure fetal growth?
From Crown to rump
What is the most accurate measurement for chest circumference?
2 cm less than OFC, or 33cm +/-3
What is considered for Low Birth Weight? (LBW)
<2500 grams
What is the most important technique to master in completing the physical assessment?
observation, then auscultation, palpation
What technique is used to identify a hydrocele?
transillumination
In the fetal ultrasound, what is the best determinant in the 1st trimester (<14weeks) to measure growth and age?
Crown-rump length 7-10days
With the new Ballard tool 1991, what are two new features added?
- to include extremely premature neonates
2. Overestimates by 2-4 days
What score in the Ballard is based on the location of elbow and the landmark it lays on in relation to the midline?
scarf sign
When does Lanugo peak and it decreases with age
28-30 weeks
What is elevated palpable lesion, soild and < l cm in diameter?
Papule
When does circumoral cyanosis typically appear?
12-24 hours after birth
When does sebaceous gland hyperslasia typically resolve?
in weeks
What is the scientific name for hyperpigmented macule?
mongolian spot
What could viral vesicular eruptions be?
Herpes or Varicella
What suture is down forehead between the frontal bones?
The metopic sutures
When does the posterior fontanel (occiput fontanel) close?
by 2-3 months
When an infant has a large anterior fontanel on exam, you can suspect?
Hypothyroidism
When a preemie has a flattened side to side head without cransiosynostosis it is called? Toaster head
Dolichocephaly
When an infant has subperiostal blood collection that does not cross the suture line it is.
Cephalahematoma
How long does a cephalahematoma take to resolve?
several days to weeks
What type of bleed is more common after a vacuum extraction?
Subgaleal Bleed
On the opthalmoscopic exam, the red reflex is reflected from what?
Retina - make sure there are no white spots
In the iris, what are the white specks scattered linearly around the entire circumference of the iris, associated with Down’s
Brushfield Spots - may be a NORMAL VARIANT
What syndrome causes the infant to have a flat Philtrum
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What drug when given to the mother to help stop contractions makes the infant become apnic?
Mag-sulfate
Where do you auscultate to the lower lobes of the lungs?
the Infant’s back below the tip of the scapula
The the blood pressure of the infant reports a false high, you should think…
the cuff is too small
When the systolic pressure is 20mmhg higher in the upper than the lower extremities, you should think…
coarctation of the aorta
When there is a patent urachus (a connections between the bladder and the umbilical cord) the umblicus area is…
edematous and not dry - fistula from bladder to umbilical cord
If the infant does not have an anal wink, think…
CNS abnormalities
What is the normal size of the liver?
1-2 cms below the R costal margin
What is the best way to assess palpate the kidneys?
Bimanual - size of almonds
What may palpate as subumbilical fullness or mass?
Distended bladder full of urine
What genitalia disorder in females presents as lower abdominal mass and urinary tract obstruction?
Hydrocolpos - distended and obstruction bladder
When does rugae appear on the ventral surface of the scrotum?
36 weeks
What can be related to epispadias? a male genitalia abnormality and the urethral meatus opens on the dorsal surface
chordee (bent shaft of the penis)
Midline defect where the rectus abdominsis separates but is a NORMAL VARIANT!
Diastasis Recti
When do the testes begin to descend into the inguinal canal?
28-30 weeks
When the urethral meatus open on the ventral surface of the penis. - Don’t circumcise
Hypospadias
When a male has a hypoplasia scrotum because of a missing teste?
cryptochondism
Prune belly (Eagle Barrett syndrome) is also associated with…
hydronephrosis
GU anomalies usually occur in association with…
Cardiovascular - complex CDH and neurological - myelominingocele
A discolored, flat spot <1cm diameter that is NOT palpable
Macule
A bluish mottling or marbling of the skin (trisomy 21)
Cutis maramorata
A normal variance with a sharp difference in two side of the body (red and white)
Harlequin sign
What rash is associated with papules that are filled with eosinophils
Erythema toxicum
An enlarged sebaceous gland caused by androgen stimulation (NOT ESTROGEN) and resolves in 1 month
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
When an infant appears with grey or blue/green macules on the buttocks or flank or shoulders
hyperpigmented macules (mongolian spots)
An autosomal dominant lesions that are >6cm and may indicate neurofibromatosis
Cafe’ au Lait spots
A spot, usually on the face and nape of the neck that does NOT blanch
Port wine stain
When the skin appears ulcerated or scarred and associated with midline defects and TRISOMY 13
Cutis Aplasia
A skin disorder with superficial vesicopustular lesions containing neutrophils and more common in AA (>5%).
Transient Pustular Melanosis
A skin disease commonly known as stork bite and is usually found on the upper EYELIDS, nape of neck.
Nevus Simplex
Viral skin diseases are usually not uniform and contain ___, ___, ___ and NOT ___
Vesicular, Herpes, Varicella and NOT CANDIDA
Where are the minor malformations (pits or tags) usually seen on the ear?
anterior to the tragus
When a line is extended for the inner to outer canthus of the eye towards ears is
Normal anatomy
When the eyes are too far apart
Hypertelorism
When there is a defect in the closure of the eye lid or the iris.
Coloboma
When there are blocked nares
Choanal atresia
When the infant has a thick tongue
macroglossia
What is the most common neck mass. It transilluminates and seen laterally over the clavicle
Cystic Hygroma
When the anterior fontanel is large and the infant has a big tongue, large head, and cries a lot, think…
HYPOthyroidism
A heart sound that is snappy, high-frequent sound, and heard in the first 24 hours. abnormal >24hrs old = stenosis
ejection click
When a murmur is r/t increased clow across the pulmonary valve with decreased PVR
Innocent - level 1 murmur
When parents or other siblings with CDH there is a ___-___% risk of reoccurance
1-5%
What vital sign is r/t age in hrs and state of arousal?
Blood pressure
To be deemed term status the plantar surface should have creases on…
2/3 foot
Grade 4 of the anterior vascular capsule of the eye begins at what age
27 weeks gestation
How old in hours does the infant have cap refill in 3-4 secs?
12 hours
How many pairs of ribs and how many in the two categories?
12
7 true - vertebrocostal pairs
5 false - verterbral dyads
What disorder is associated with wide space nipples, trisomies 4, 8, 18, &20, monosomy (turner’s) and LYMPHEDEMA
Fetal hydantoin
When the infant has clear to white frothy mucous this is indicative of
TE fistula
There is a FALSE reading with transillumination when the infant has…
chest wall edema
Wide spaced nipples and lymphedemia is both found in what syndrome
Turner’s
