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6334 Physical assessment > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most accurate way to measure fetal growth?

A

From Crown to rump

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2
Q

What is the most accurate measurement for chest circumference?

A

2 cm less than OFC, or 33cm +/-3

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3
Q

What is considered for Low Birth Weight? (LBW)

A

<2500 grams

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4
Q

What is the most important technique to master in completing the physical assessment?

A

observation, then auscultation, palpation

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5
Q

What technique is used to identify a hydrocele?

A

transillumination

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6
Q

In the fetal ultrasound, what is the best determinant in the 1st trimester (<14weeks) to measure growth and age?

A

Crown-rump length 7-10days

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7
Q

With the new Ballard tool 1991, what are two new features added?

A
  1. to include extremely premature neonates

2. Overestimates by 2-4 days

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8
Q

What score in the Ballard is based on the location of elbow and the landmark it lays on in relation to the midline?

A

scarf sign

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9
Q

When does Lanugo peak and it decreases with age

A

28-30 weeks

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10
Q

What is elevated palpable lesion, soild and < l cm in diameter?

A

Papule

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11
Q

When does circumoral cyanosis typically appear?

A

12-24 hours after birth

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12
Q

When does sebaceous gland hyperslasia typically resolve?

A

in weeks

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13
Q

What is the scientific name for hyperpigmented macule?

A

mongolian spot

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14
Q

What could viral vesicular eruptions be?

A

Herpes or Varicella

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15
Q

What suture is down forehead between the frontal bones?

A

The metopic sutures

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16
Q

When does the posterior fontanel (occiput fontanel) close?

A

by 2-3 months

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17
Q

When an infant has a large anterior fontanel on exam, you can suspect?

A

Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

When a preemie has a flattened side to side head without cransiosynostosis it is called? Toaster head

A

Dolichocephaly

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19
Q

When an infant has subperiostal blood collection that does not cross the suture line it is.

A

Cephalahematoma

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20
Q

How long does a cephalahematoma take to resolve?

A

several days to weeks

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21
Q

What type of bleed is more common after a vacuum extraction?

A

Subgaleal Bleed

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22
Q

On the opthalmoscopic exam, the red reflex is reflected from what?

A

Retina - make sure there are no white spots

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23
Q

In the iris, what are the white specks scattered linearly around the entire circumference of the iris, associated with Down’s

A

Brushfield Spots - may be a NORMAL VARIANT

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24
Q

What syndrome causes the infant to have a flat Philtrum

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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25
Q

What drug when given to the mother to help stop contractions makes the infant become apnic?

A

Mag-sulfate

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26
Q

Where do you auscultate to the lower lobes of the lungs?

A

the Infant’s back below the tip of the scapula

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27
Q

The the blood pressure of the infant reports a false high, you should think…

A

the cuff is too small

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28
Q

When the systolic pressure is 20mmhg higher in the upper than the lower extremities, you should think…

A

coarctation of the aorta

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29
Q

When there is a patent urachus (a connections between the bladder and the umbilical cord) the umblicus area is…

A

edematous and not dry - fistula from bladder to umbilical cord

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30
Q

If the infant does not have an anal wink, think…

A

CNS abnormalities

31
Q

What is the normal size of the liver?

A

1-2 cms below the R costal margin

32
Q

What is the best way to assess palpate the kidneys?

A

Bimanual - size of almonds

33
Q

What may palpate as subumbilical fullness or mass?

A

Distended bladder full of urine

34
Q

What genitalia disorder in females presents as lower abdominal mass and urinary tract obstruction?

A

Hydrocolpos - distended and obstruction bladder

35
Q

When does rugae appear on the ventral surface of the scrotum?

A

36 weeks

36
Q

What can be related to epispadias? a male genitalia abnormality and the urethral meatus opens on the dorsal surface

A

chordee (bent shaft of the penis)

37
Q

Midline defect where the rectus abdominsis separates but is a NORMAL VARIANT!

A

Diastasis Recti

38
Q

When do the testes begin to descend into the inguinal canal?

A

28-30 weeks

39
Q

When the urethral meatus open on the ventral surface of the penis. - Don’t circumcise

A

Hypospadias

40
Q

When a male has a hypoplasia scrotum because of a missing teste?

A

cryptochondism

41
Q

Prune belly (Eagle Barrett syndrome) is also associated with…

A

hydronephrosis

42
Q

GU anomalies usually occur in association with…

A

Cardiovascular - complex CDH and neurological - myelominingocele

43
Q

A discolored, flat spot <1cm diameter that is NOT palpable

A

Macule

44
Q

A bluish mottling or marbling of the skin (trisomy 21)

A

Cutis maramorata

45
Q

A normal variance with a sharp difference in two side of the body (red and white)

A

Harlequin sign

46
Q

What rash is associated with papules that are filled with eosinophils

A

Erythema toxicum

47
Q

An enlarged sebaceous gland caused by androgen stimulation (NOT ESTROGEN) and resolves in 1 month

A

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

48
Q

When an infant appears with grey or blue/green macules on the buttocks or flank or shoulders

A

hyperpigmented macules (mongolian spots)

49
Q

An autosomal dominant lesions that are >6cm and may indicate neurofibromatosis

A

Cafe’ au Lait spots

50
Q

A spot, usually on the face and nape of the neck that does NOT blanch

A

Port wine stain

51
Q

When the skin appears ulcerated or scarred and associated with midline defects and TRISOMY 13

A

Cutis Aplasia

52
Q

A skin disorder with superficial vesicopustular lesions containing neutrophils and more common in AA (>5%).

A

Transient Pustular Melanosis

53
Q

A skin disease commonly known as stork bite and is usually found on the upper EYELIDS, nape of neck.

A

Nevus Simplex

54
Q

Viral skin diseases are usually not uniform and contain ___, ___, ___ and NOT ___

A

Vesicular, Herpes, Varicella and NOT CANDIDA

55
Q

Where are the minor malformations (pits or tags) usually seen on the ear?

A

anterior to the tragus

56
Q

When a line is extended for the inner to outer canthus of the eye towards ears is

A

Normal anatomy

57
Q

When the eyes are too far apart

A

Hypertelorism

58
Q

When there is a defect in the closure of the eye lid or the iris.

A

Coloboma

59
Q

When there are blocked nares

A

Choanal atresia

60
Q

When the infant has a thick tongue

A

macroglossia

61
Q

What is the most common neck mass. It transilluminates and seen laterally over the clavicle

A

Cystic Hygroma

62
Q

When the anterior fontanel is large and the infant has a big tongue, large head, and cries a lot, think…

A

HYPOthyroidism

63
Q

A heart sound that is snappy, high-frequent sound, and heard in the first 24 hours. abnormal >24hrs old = stenosis

A

ejection click

64
Q

When a murmur is r/t increased clow across the pulmonary valve with decreased PVR

A

Innocent - level 1 murmur

65
Q

When parents or other siblings with CDH there is a ___-___% risk of reoccurance

A

1-5%

66
Q

What vital sign is r/t age in hrs and state of arousal?

A

Blood pressure

67
Q

To be deemed term status the plantar surface should have creases on…

A

2/3 foot

68
Q

Grade 4 of the anterior vascular capsule of the eye begins at what age

A

27 weeks gestation

69
Q

How old in hours does the infant have cap refill in 3-4 secs?

A

12 hours

70
Q

How many pairs of ribs and how many in the two categories?

A

12
7 true - vertebrocostal pairs
5 false - verterbral dyads

71
Q

What disorder is associated with wide space nipples, trisomies 4, 8, 18, &20, monosomy (turner’s) and LYMPHEDEMA

A

Fetal hydantoin

72
Q

When the infant has clear to white frothy mucous this is indicative of

A

TE fistula

73
Q

There is a FALSE reading with transillumination when the infant has…

A

chest wall edema

74
Q

Wide spaced nipples and lymphedemia is both found in what syndrome

A

Turner’s

6334 Physical assessment (2 decks)

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