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INEN 428 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

4 P’s

A

Policies
Place
People
Procedure

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1
Q

What are the deliverables of the SIPOC process

A

Select Project Y
Develop Data Collection Plan
Describe and Display Variation
Calculate Process Sigma

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2
Q

6 M’s

A 
Machines
Materials
Methods 
Measurements 
Mother Nature 
Mankind
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3
Q

Data Collection

A

Types of Data
Measurement Scales
Sampling Methods
Collection Methods

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4
Q

What are the three types of data?

A

Attribute Data
Variables Data
Locational Data

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5
Q

Variable Data

A

Measured on continous scale

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6
Q

Attribute Data

A

Involve counts of articles or counts of events.

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7
Q

Locational Data

A

Does not fit into either category discussed. Answers the question “where”

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8
Q

NOIR

A

Nomial
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

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9
Q

Nominal

A

Data consists of names or categories only. No ordering scheme is possible.

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10
Q

Ordinal (Ranking)

A

Dats is arranged in some order but differences between values cannot be determined or are meaningless.

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11
Q

Interval

A

Data is arranged in order and differences can be found. However, there is no inherent starting point and ratios are meaningless.

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12
Q

Ratio

A

An extension of the interval level that includes an inherent zero starting point. Both differences and ratios are meaningful.

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13
Q

Basics of collecting data

A

Observational Study

Experimental Study

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14
Q

Observational Study

A

Observing and measuring specific characteristics without attempting to modify the subjects being studied.

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15
Q

Experimental Study

A

Apply some treatment and then observe its effects on subjects; (subjects in experiments are called experimental units)

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16
Q

Sampling Methods

A 
Random 
Systematic 
Convenience
Stratified 
Cluster
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17
Q

Random Sample

A

Members from the population are selected in such a way that each individual member in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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18
Q

Probablity Sample

A

Selecting members from a population in such a way that each member of the population has a known chance of being selected.

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19
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

Uses results that are easy to get

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20
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Select some starting point then select every kth element in the population.

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21
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups that share the same charateristics, then draw a sample from each subgroup (or stratum)

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22
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Divide the population area into sections; randomly select some of those clusters; choose all members from selected clusters

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23
Q

How can one collect information?

A

Automatically
By Hand
Checksheets

24
Q

Precision

A

Getting consistent results repeatedly.

25
Q

Accuracy

A

Getting an unbiased true value.

26
Q

Repeatability

A

It is the ability to repeat the same measurement by the same operator.

27
Q

Reproducibility

A

It is variability introduced into the measurement system by the bias difference of different operators.

28
Q

Measures of Location

A

Mean (Average)

Median

29
Q

Measures of Variance

A

Range
Standard Deviation
Variance

30
Q

s
s^2
Sigma
Sigma^2

A

Sample standard deviation
Sample variance
Population standard deviation
Population variance

31
Q

Standard Error

A

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of some statistics.

32
Q

Discrete Probability Distributions

A

Binomial Distribution
Hypergeometric Distribution
Poisson Distribution

33
Q

What is the Bernoulli Process?

A
  1. The experiment consists of n repeated trials.
  2. Each trial results in an outcome that may be classified as a success or failure.
  3. The probability of success, denoted by p, remains constant from trial to trial.
  4. The repeated trials are independent.
34
Q

Hypogeometric

A

N =
n =
k = # of successes
X = Takes values of 0,1,2,….k

35
Q

Ishikawa is generally credited with the advancement of which problem-solving tool?

A

Cause-and-Effect diagrams

36
Q

Process Flowcharts can be used to:

A

All of the above

37
Q

A stable process has a distribution with mean = 100, median = 90. This distribution is:

A

Skewed right

38
Q

A stable process has a distribution with mean = 100, median = 110. This distribution is:

A

Skewed left

39
Q

The binomial distribution is a discrete distribution and may be used to describe;

A

The case of n independent trials with probabilities constant from trial to trial.

40
Q

Histograms

A

Give us a graphical view of process location and variation

41
Q

When using Process Capability estimates

A

The process must be in control or the estimate is misleading

42
Q

When using Process Capability estimates

A

A Cpk value greater than 1.33 is usually preferred.

43
Q

A Cp value of 1.0 means

A

The process size is equal to specification

44
Q

The variation within the control limits on a statistical control chart provide an indication of

A

Common cause variation in the process

45
Q

If Cp is calculated as 1.0 and Cpk calculated to be 0.75, then

A

Both a and b above

46
Q

For a hospital emergency department, if a process improvement team counts the number of infections, they are using:

A

Attribute data

47
Q

Scatter diagrams….. are techniques and tools used in problem-solving.

A

Pareto, Flowchart, Why-Why diagram, and Cause and Effect diagram.

48
Q

All the following statements are true, except:

A

Multiple regression involves one independent variable and two or more dependent variables.

49
Q

In constructing a Scatter Diagram, it is customary to put the dependent variable on

A

The y-axis

50
Q

A “p” chart

A

Plots either the fraction or percent defective

51
Q

The control chart that is most sensitive to varation in a measurement is:

A

X-bar and R-chart

52
Q

A p chart is a type of control chart for:

A

Plotting fraction defective results from shipping inspection samples

53
Q

In a SIPOC analysis, stakeholders are usually:

A

Suppliers and customers

54
Q

Determine the correct chart(s) for the salt content of potato chips using samples of three every 15 minutes.

A

a. a or b above

55
Q

Cpk is the ratio that reflects

A

a. How the process is performing in relation to nomial, center, or target value

56
Q

Central Limit Theorem

A

A group of sample averages tends to be normally distributed; as the sample size n increases, tendency toward normality improves. Use of sampling to analyze population.

57
Q

Objectives of control charts for variables

A

Two basic functions:

As decision-making tools.

As problem-solving tools.

Enable one to analyze the variation present.

INEN 428 (7 decks)

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