Test 2

Question 1

Process of blood cell production.

Answer 1

Haematopoeisis

Question 2

Most abundent protein in the blood.

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

What is hematostasis?

Answer 3

stoppage of blood

Question 4

And product of homeostasis/ coagulation/ clotting factor.

Answer 4

Fibrin

Question 5

Pt with H?O hepatitis have deficiency of clotting factor because liver is responsible for producing…

Answer 5

procoagulant prothrombin and fibrinogen

Question 6

What can prevent blood clotting.

Answer 6

active fibrinolysis

Question 7

What binds and cleaves plasminogen to make plasmin?

Answer 7

Streotokinase (bacterial orgin)

Question 8

Excessive clotting due to increase thrombocyte is called…

Answer 8

thrombocythemia

Question 9

In vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency what will be the change in HgB?

Answer 9

Normal HgB content (chromic to normal)

Question 10

In vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency ; note what about rbc size

Answer 10

cytic change will be occuring as it b12 and folic acid need for maturation, so only cystic change will occur and chromic will be normal, RBC will be macrocytic-megaloblastc anemia)

Question 11

Woman came to the ER with signs and syymtoms of yellowish pale skin which is suggestive of which type of anemia.

Answer 11

Hemolytic anemia

Question 12

82 year old woman dx with polycythemia. What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 12

• plethora (overabundance)

aquagenic pruritus

Question 13

What is aquagenic pruritus?

Answer 13

severe itching with contact to water

Question 14

What is the significance of sickle cell anemia?

Answer 14

Deoxygenated abnormal HgB (HbS) crystallized and damage the endothelial wall of blood vessels and cause blood vessel occlusion

Question 15

Abnormality of α OR β globin biosynthesis is called..

Answer 15

thalassemia

Question 16

Which one is not a normal tissue change?

Answer 16

Leukopenia

Question 17

Leukopenia

Answer 17

reduction in white blood cells

Question 18

What is the clinical manifestation of leukopenia?

Answer 18

C/F (ulceration of mucous membrane)Note- infection, fever, septicemia (rare), may lead to ulcer- particularly around the mouth, airways, colon and skin; diarrhea, malaise/fatigue/weakness, tachycardia)

Question 19

What is leukopenia typically treated with?

Answer 19

hematopoietic growth factor

Question 20

What is leukocytosis?

Answer 20

abnormal increase in leukocytes (>11000/μl)

Question 21

Granulocytosis occurs in.

Answer 21

( increased neutrophils - Bacterial infection, eosinophil’s, basophils – microbial invasion

Question 22

Eosinophilia occurs in.

Answer 22

hypersensativity reactions and parasitic infection (increased number of eosinophils)

Question 23

Monocytosis occurs when…

Answer 23

(increased number of monocytes in the blood) prolonged infection where most of the neutrophils have died

Question 24

Lymphocytosis occurs with…

Answer 24

(increased lymphocytes) viral infections

Question 25

What is the most common cause if infectious mononucleosis (MONO)

Answer 25

EPSTEIN BAR VIRUS (EBV) (cause acute infection of B lymphocyte)

Question 26

In which Leukemia mostly immature lymphocyte undifferentiated cell(B cell) present

Answer 26

Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)

Question 27

What is the most common cancer in children?

Answer 27

acute lymphocytic leukaemia

Question 28

In which Leukemia mostly mature lymphocyte B cell is affected

Answer 28

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 29

What is the most common cancer in north america

Answer 29

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 30

What is the term of excess # of circulating thrombocytes?

Answer 30

Thrombocytosis (>400,000⁄μl)

Question 31

What is the term for a decrease in the # of circulating platelets?

Answer 31

thrombocytopenia (<100 000/μl)

Question 32

What is the term for microvascular thrombosis (increased thrombosis occurs)?

Answer 32

thrombocythemia or thrombocytosis

Question 33

Signs and symptoms of thrombocythemia.

Answer 33

warm, red extremities with itchy sensation more common on toes and fingers

Question 34

In hepatitis liver dysfunction which clotting factor will be absent.

Answer 34

Prothrombin and Fibrinogen

Question 35

A genetic bleeding disorder.

Answer 35

hemophilia

Question 36

What kind of disorder is hemophilia?

Answer 36

x linked recessive disorder mostly in males

Question 37

Major cause for concern with hemophilia.

Answer 37

internal hemorrhage

Question 38

When significant abnormal bleeding occurs with DIC what happens?

Answer 38

depleted clotting factor

Question 39

What does DIC stand for?

Answer 39

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 40

Which cell is mostly the cause for multiple myeloma?

Answer 40

Multiple Myeloma is a β cell malignancy of terminally differentiated Plasma cell

Question 41

mediastinum means medial cavity of the thorax which contains...

Answer 41

heart and great vessels

Question 42

(start of CVS) | Which one is the outer most layer of there pericardium

Answer 42

fibrous pericardium

Question 43

VISCERAL layer of SEROUS PERICARDIUM is also known as

Answer 43

epicardium

Question 44

Arrange and pick the 5th | - Rt. Atrium, Rt. Ventricle, Lt. atrium, Lt. ventricle, Aorta

Answer 44

aorta

Question 45

What detects pressure?

Answer 45

baroreceptors

Question 46

Which pressure takes blood out of the capillary and to the arterial ends?

Answer 46

hydrostatic pressure`

Question 47

Where will disorders of the valves cause back flow of blood in the heart?

Answer 47

right ventricle

Question 48

When the mitral valve is stiff and difficult to open, what does this cause?

Answer 48

accumulation of blood in the left atrium

Question 49

What prevent the connected cardiac muscle to separate?

Answer 49

Desmosomes

Question 50

Which node of the heart is the first one to depolarize?

Answer 50

SA nodes

Question 51

In ECG what is represented by the T wave?

Answer 51

ventricular repolarization

Question 52

What is peripheral resistance decreased by?

Answer 52

arterial dilation

Question 53

Who has the lowest HR male, female, baby?

Answer 53

male

Question 54

Heart rate will be lowest in..

Answer 54

athletic males

Question 55

What is the order of vessels to the heart?

Answer 55

``` great vessels large arteries med arteries small arteries arterioles capilleries venules veins ```

Question 56

What is the major difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 56

arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 57

What initiates atherosclerosis?

Answer 57

Endothelial cell damage & inflammatory response, build up of plaque

Question 58

What is a foam cell?

Answer 58

Macrophages engulf the lipoprotein and form foam cell in ENDOTHELIAL INJURY DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Question 59

Foam cell ______ into fatty streaks. Foam cell release ____ ____ for fibroblast and free radicle and causing more chronic damage

Answer 59

accumulate | growth factor

Question 60

78 year old women with obesity typically has what major cause of atherosclerosis?

Answer 60

hyperlipidemia

Question 61

What is a thrombus?

Answer 61

a blood clot

Question 62

venous embolism that commonly occurs at the lungs is called ...

Answer 62

pulmonary embolism

Question 63

Most common site of aneurysm...

Answer 63

abdominal aorta

Question 64

The Aneurysms where the circumferential dilatation of the vessel, without rupture occur is called ...

Answer 64

fusiform type (true aneurysm)

Question 65

Varicose vein can be caused by...

Answer 65

prolonged standing

Question 66

78 years old obese female with varicose vein has the manifestation of

Answer 66

hyperlipidemia

Question 67

hypertension could lead to the following except

Answer 67

slow atherosclerosis

Question 68

infectious pericarditis is caused by...

Answer 68

bacterial infection

Question 69

Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity is called...

Answer 69

pericardial effusion

Question 70

Condition of accumulation of excessive fluid and pressure build up in the pericardial space is called...

Answer 70

cardiac temponade

Question 71

What is constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 71

fibrous scarring

Question 72

A disorder where pericardial layer and obliteration of pericardial cavity with decreased CO and fibrosis and thick capsule present is called ...

Answer 72

constrictive pericarditis

Question 73

If diagnosed with CAD and not treated could lead to

Answer 73

Myocardial Ischemia

Question 74

Irreversible hypoxia leads to ...

Answer 74

myocardial infarction

Question 75

What is the time following occlusion when cardiac muscle will completely use up energy reserve?

Answer 75

8-10 seconds when the ischemia develops

Question 76

How long does it take for irreversible damage to result from occlusion?

Answer 76

30 min

Question 77

72 YEARS OLD CLIENT DURING SNOW PLOUGHING EXPERIENCED SHARP CHEST PAIN FOR ( 3-5min) 2-3 sec & Pain ceases with rest , this is

Answer 77

stable angina

Question 78

What is a small area of necrosis in the left ventricle duct beyond endocardium called?

Answer 78

sub-endocardial infart

Question 79

What is true about Transmural infarct

Answer 79

More likely to cause Fatal MI/ Heart attack

Question 80

What signifies myocardial infarct?

Answer 80

Lab investigation with increased cardiac specific Troponin I/T, Creatinine phosphate, myoglobin

Question 81

Signs of MI

Answer 81

CHEST PAIN RADIATE TO NECK SHOULDER AND Lt. ATRIUM

Question 82

Which drugs inhibit effects of Epinephrin/ adrenalin and slows HR

Answer 82

beta blocker

Question 83

Thrombolitic therapy for clot busting?

Answer 83

TpA (clot buster) followed by heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 84

Hemorrhage into the pericardial sac leads to heart compression and death due to...

Answer 84

myocardial rupture

Question 85

Dilation of all the chambers of the heart with weakness can be secondary to infection inflammation occurs in

Answer 85

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 86

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 86

genetic linked and can be secondary to infection, alcohol abuse/ toxins

Question 87

Deposition of amyloid (starch like protein ) between myocardial fibers occurs in

Answer 87

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 88

Infective Endocarditis usually caused by

Answer 88

Bacteria (Staph/ Strept)

Question 89

Rh. Heart disease is commonly caused by

Answer 89

Streptococcus infection