Test 2 Flashcards
Benefits of Play: Intellectual
multi-sensory, play and problem solving, mastering abstract skills
Benefits of Play: Building Social Skills
learn social roles, decrease egocentrism, understand the rules of social interaction
Benefits of Play: language and literacy development
play with sounds and noises, play with the linguistic system, spontaneous rhyming and word play, conventions of speech
Benefits of play: physical development
gross and fine motor
Benefits of play: emotional development
master emotional issues, opportunities to feel good about themselves
Benefits of play: play and creativity (aesthetic)
develop talents, symbolic expression of understanding of world around them
Teachers prepare place where children play
provide materials and create spaces for play
child controlled and ruled
play environment
variety of challenges for diverse abilities
one and a half play option per child both indoor and outside
Teachers should create an atmosphere that lets children know that play is valued
climate for play
allow plenty of time for play
minimum of 30 minutes is needed for creative play
make encouraging statements
Teachers should participate in play at the lowest level of involvement.
enrich the experience or move it in another direction
levels of adult intervention
(parallel play)
(Co-playing: child controls play
(play tutoring: adult takes partial control
levels of verbal intervention
watching and verbally reinforcing: positive play behaviors
informative play statements: give ideas
leading questions: response from child
play directions: give actions for child to do
involvement in play
what we learn from observing children at play
where children’s strengths are
show special qualities and personality
guidance
incorporates everything an adult does or says to influence the behavior of a child
discipline
important component of the guidance process in which the adults is dealing with children who misbehave
Competence
belief in one’s own ability to accomplish tasks and achieve goals
worth
the extent to which people like and value themselves
control
degree to which people believe they can influence the events around them
emotions
children need help form adults to identify their feelings and learn appropriate ways to deal with them.
teachers of young children need to create an atmosphere that encourages independence .
Indirect guidance
everything behind the scenes-planning, materials, room, etc.
building a friendly workplace, relationships
Ex: schedule, equipment, people
physically guiding children- touching
physical proximity: closeness to child
gesturing & body language: smile, raise an eyebrow, point with a finger
redirecting: lead to a more positive activity
verbal guidance
active listening: teacher repeats what child said
redirection: lead to different activity with words
positive directions: what the child should do (no, not)
children have choices: develop independence and decision- making skills
Discipline strategies
I messages Behavior modification positive reinforcement punishment ignoring problem-solving strategies
I messages
I, followed by feelings experienced by the adult, ending with what behavior caused the feelings
Behavior modification
positive reinforcement, punishment, ignoring
positive reinforcement
anything that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood it will occur again
punishment
anything that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood it will occur again
ignoring
avoiding verbal and nonverbal responses to attention-seeking behavior
problem-solving strategies
using techniques of counseling, the teacher and student work together to resolve difficulties
routines
arrival and departure: transitions: snack/meal times: toileting: rest times:
arrival and departure
greet at door
consistent routine of departure
summarize about day
transitions
clear directions
procedures for moving to the next event
snack/ meal time
clear adult guidance
foster independent student behavior and create a relaxed atmosphere for eating and visiting
toileting
make these times as pleasant as possible
similar procedures
rest times
caring adult interacts before and after
communication with families on routine
sleep atmosphere
challenges facing families today
missing extended families divorce and single parent families blended families two-career families older and younger parents ethnic/cultural diversity family mobility
effective communication
telephone calls
written communication- difference in newsletter and letter
home visits
parent meetings- agenda
parent- teacher conferences
three way conference- includes childexposure to diversity
expose naturally as part of daily routine with toys, books, foods, and experiences
inappropriate response to diversity
ignore
tourist approach- quick visits to different cultures
anti-bias curriculum
use toys that promote diversity- dolls, puzzles
games
quality children’s literature
pictures and posters depict other cultures
attitudes about diversity
still racial and gender discrimination in this country
children with special rights: public law 94-142, PL 99-457, PL 101-336
