Test 2 Flashcards
What happens in the excitement stage of sexual response? What happens to the vaginal entrance during excitement?
Erections in males and vaginal lubrication in females.
The vaginal entrance tightens due to the muscles covering the vestibular bulbs
What is vasocongestion?
An accumulation of blood vessels in a particular region. In the genitals, swelling results eg an erection
What are the second and third stages of the sexual response?
2nd: Orgasm - an intense sensation at the peak of sexual arousal
3rd: Resolution - the body returns to an unaroused state
Who theorised the triphasic model of sexual response, and what are the three stages?
Kaplan devised the triphasic model:
- Vasocongestion
- Muscular contractions
- Sexual desire
Who theorised the dual control model, and what is it?
John Bancroft
The model states that sexual responses are controlled by sexual excitation and sexual inhibition
What is retrograde ejaculation?
A condition that causes the ejaculate to go into the urinary bladder instead of out of the penis
What is the limbic system?
A set of structures in the interior of the brain. Includes amygdala, hippocampus and fornix. Important for sexual behaviour
What are pheromones?
Biochemicals the body secretes that are important in communication between animals. May serve as sex attractants.
What is auto eroticism?
Sexual self stimulation eg masturbation
What is tribadism?
Scissoring eg one women lies on top of the other and moves rythmically to produce clitoral stimulation
What is gender-segregated social organisation?
The genders are separate from each other. Males play with males and females play with females
What is sexualisation?
When a person is valued only for sex appeal or behaviour, sexually objectified or inappropriately propositioned.
Describe the difference of permissiveness with and without affection.
With affection: premarital sex is fine in a loving, committed relationship
Without affection: premarital sex is fine without emotional commitment
What is Peggy lee syndrome?
The feeling of disappointment experienced by teenage girls when first sex isn’t great
Define serial monogamy
When the intended faithfulness to a partner ends with the relationship, the person will move to another partner
What is extramarital sex?
Sexual activity between a married person and someone other than their spouse eg adultery
Explain the equity theory
When people feel as if they are in an unequal relationship (after calculating costs and benefits) they will seek to restore equality
Define polyamory
The ethical practice of loving multiple people simultaneously
What is the mere exposure effect?
The tendency to like a person more if we have met them repeatedly
Define homophily
The tendency to associate with people with equal social status
What is the matching phenomenon?
People tend to choose people who match them in attitudes, intelligence and attractiveness
Who theorised the two component theory of love? And what is it?
Berscheid and Walster’s theory states that both physiological arousal and attachment of the cognitive label “love” must exist simultaneously for passionate love to occur
What is leveling?
Telling your partner what you are feeling by stating your thoughts clearly, simply and honestly
Give 3 abortion statistics
1/3 of abortions occurred in 20-24 year old women
85% of women who abort aren’t married
51% were using birth control at time of conception
Explain a vacuum aspiration
A cannula is inserted into the cervix and embryo is vacuumed out.
$350-700
10 minutes to complete
Explain dilation and evacuation
Cannula used to partially remove embryo, remains removed with tools and uterine walls scraped
Not as safe as VA but still reliable
Explain induced labor
Prostaglandin is used to trigger early labour, foetus is expelled.
Late second trimester and early third trimester
What is a histerotomy?
The foetus is extracted surgically
Death rate: 0.052%
Explain intact dilation and extraction
Banned in 2003, the head is collapsed with a needle and baby is extracted in the breach position
What is mifepristone and it’s other name?
Other name: RU-486
Breaks down uterine wall so foetus detaches and dies. Two days later the woman takes prostaglandin to expel foetus from body
What is methotrexate?
An pill or injection that kills rapidly dividing cells (embryo). Woman also takes prostaglandin 1-2 days later to expel foetus
What are the pro-life side’s main arguments?
- immoral, unethical
- should be illegal
- human life begins at conception therefore abortion is murder
What are the pro-choice side’s main arguments?
- woman’s right to control her body and what happens to it
- human life does not begin at conception
- there is no way to tell when human life really begins
What are some physical effects of abortion?
- during first trimester effects are minimal
- not linked to fertility unless multiple abortions occur
What are some psychological effects of abortion?
- stressful
- relief is the main reported emotion
- 10% of women experience depression, anxiety etc. same number as women in general
What is the misattribution or arousal and how can it lead to sexual attraction?
Attributing general arousal to the company of a person in particular. This can cause chance arousal to turn into sexual attraction to an individual
What are some principles to bear in mind when having sex?
- The brain is the sexiest part of the body
- You are responsible for your own sexual satisfaction
- Beware of the false consensus effect
- Beware the “should”
What are the 6 main two-person sexual behaviours?
- Kissing
- Watching
- Touching
- Oral sex
- Anal sex
- Genital on genital sex
Are children who are exposed to their parents having sex at risk of adverse consequences?
No. During the 18th and early 19th century, families often slept in one big bed and when the parents were H af they just went for it aye
It is known that children and infants masturbate and display their genitals, is this sexuality different from adult sexuality?
It definitely is, these behaviours are mainly due to curiosity
What are three rules for talking to children about sex?
- Talk early, often e.g labelling when it comes up
- Use teachable moments
- Use positive and negative aspects of sex e.g masturbation in private not public
Are abstinence only programs effective?
No. These programs have no effect on abstinence rates, number of sexual partners and unprotected sex rates. The difference observed was a lack of sexual knowledge in students of these programs
What are the three types of intersex a person can be?
- AIS
- CAH - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Klinefelter’s syndrome
1-2% of people are born as intersex
Explain the AIS intersex characteristics
Person still has XY chromosome but has insensitive androgens and undescended testes
Explain the CAH intersex characteristics
Genetic condition where adrenal glands don’t release enough corticosteroid. The adrenal gland will secret testosterone which is only problematic in girls
Describe Klinefelter’s Syndrome
XXY chromosome structure Low testosterone production Reduced muscle mass Enlarged hips and breasts Lack of facial hair Small testicles Lower fertility levels Tend to be bigger and taller than average
What are some sexual facts about single living people?
The idea they have many sexual partners is untrue, between 18 and first marriage is 1-2 partners
What are some facts about cohabitating people?
Satisfaction levels decline much more than married couples
People who cohabit before marriage are 50% more likely to divorce
What are some divorce facts?
40-50% of marriages end in divorce
60-70% for 2nd and 3rd marriages
More common now because of reduced stigma, financial independence and unrealistic expectations
What are the two types of extra-marital affairs?
- Consensual: both partners agree eg swingers
2. Non-consensual: sexual interactions outside the marriage without a spouse’s consent
