Test 2 Flashcards
Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water
Intracellular
Arrange the structures of the uribary system in correct sequence
Calyx Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
The predominant extracellular cation is
Sodium
Obese people are as little as 45% water by weight
True. More body fat= less body water
Women average slightly less body water because they have less adipose tissue than men
False women have more body fat and less skeletal muscle
The predominant intracellular cation is
Potassium
One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ____ than interstitial fluid
Protein
The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration
ADH
Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
ADH
Both potassium and sodium levels in the body are regulated by
Aldosterone
Ms Wilson working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the
Skin
Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution
Acids
Which of the following substances bonds to H+ and removes them from solution
Buffer system
Chemicals that function to resist changes in the pH of body fluids are called
Buffers
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed from the glomerular filtrate by
The proximal convoluted tube (pct)
The trigone is a triangle region of
The bladder
Delineated by 3 openings 2- ureteral and 1 urethral
The bladder
Trace the path of red blood cells from the renal artery to the glomerulus
Interlobar
Arcuate artery
Inter lobular
Afferent
(C) 1 3 2 4
Urine formation involves
Filtration of plasma
Reabsorption from filtrate
Secretion into filtrate
The urinary bladder
Is located posterior to the pubic symphysis
An obstruction in birin’s afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into her
Glomerulus
Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of
Osmosis
The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is
Na+
The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the
Kidney
Water output is regulated by ______ hormone
Anti-diuretic
The osmotoreceptor- ADH mechanism can reduce a normal urine production of 1500 ml per day to about ____ ml per day when the body is dehydrated
500
The greatest amount of water is lost through the ___
Urine
Under normal conditions most water loss from the body is through the ____
Kidneys
The normal pH for blood plasma is
7.40
Which is not an excretory organ system of the body
Cardiovascular
Which is not part of the nephron
Uterer or collecting ducts
The kidney functions in
Excretion of wastes and excess ions
Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidneys
Urine storage
Each kidney weighs
130g
Blood vessels nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the
Hilium
The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone shaped renal pyramids is called the
Medulla
The function units of the kidney are calle d
Nephrons
The network of capillaries that is located in bowmans capsule is called the
Glomerulus
The renal corpuscle consists of
The glomerulus and bowmans capsule
T or F. Each kidney contains about 1-1.3 million nephrons
True
The visceral layer of Bowmans capsule
Is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes
The part of the nephron where the blood plasma is filtered is called
Renal corpuscle
The inner layer of bowmans capsule consists of modified cells called
Podocytes
Which is not part of the renal tubule
Bowmans capsule
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of a specialized cells called
Juxtaglomerular cells
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
Distal convoluted tubule
The renal corpuscle connects to the
Proximal convoluted tube
The juxtamedullary nephrons are solely responsible in regulating
Osmolarity of blood
Major stages the kidney uses to convert blood plasma to urine is/are
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Water conservation
Tubular secretion occurs in the
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Tubular reabsorption occurs in the
Proximal convoluted tubule
Urine is always hypertonic to the blood plasma
True urine can have as much as 4x the osmolarity of blood plasma
A great deal of secretion occurs I. The proximal convoluted tubule due to many microvilli
False mostly reabsorption
The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the
Renal fat pads
The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the
Renal pelvis
The portion of the kidney that is composed of conical masses of tissue renal pyramids is called the renal ____
Medulla
The apex of each renal pyramid is called
Renal papilla
Essential nutrients
Can not be made in sufficient quantity by the body
Which of the following are energy nutrients
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
A kilocalorie is a measure of the
Energy content of food
Comes carbs include
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Carbs are absorbed into the blood stream as
Monosaccharides
Excess glucose is stored as
Glycogen
Which of the following organs can store glycogen
Liver and muscle
A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a
Triglyceride
Olive and peanut oils are both
Mono unsaturated fats
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid
Linoleic acid
An essential amino acid
Must be supplied in the duct
Proteins that function in immunity include
Antibodies
Functions in proteins include
Providing structural strength in connective tissue
Water soluble Vit include
Vit C
Fat soluble vit can be toxic in large doses because they
Can be stored and accumulate in the body tissue
Can serve as buffers and components of enzymes
Minerals
Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule
Iron
Individual basal metabolic rate, degree of muscle activity and body temp and growth rate are factors that
Influence energy needs
As a result of hyperventilation
The plasma PCO2 levels decrease
An increase in loud co2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ___ in blood pH
Increase/ decrease
Once alkalosis has occurred which of the following would you expect to happen
Retention of hydrogen ions by the kidneys
When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excess number of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result
Acidosis
A falling blood ph and rising concentration of co2 due to emphysema indicates
Respiratory acidosis
Resp alkalosis an occur as a result of
Hyperventilation
How many liters of water does the average body contain
40L
Auto regulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of
Construction of the afferent arterioles
When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephrons is
Greatly decrease d
Renin is released by
The kidneys
Which of the following would be expected to cause Hyponatremia
Increased ADH production
Serum electrolytes concentration are most often expressed in
mEq/L
Over secretion of aldosterone causes
Increased secretion of potassium by the kidneys
Nephrons directly regulate acid base balance by
Secreting H+ ions Into filtrate
The reaction between co2 and h2o is catalyzed by
Carbonic anhydrase
If te hydrogen ions concentration in the blood increase bicarbonate ions act as buffed by
Removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma
Which acid bad e imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of an asthma attack
Resp acidosis
The most important electrolytes in the body fluid are
Na P K Mn S Cl HCO3 H+
