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Biology 240 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water

A

Intracellular

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1
Q

Arrange the structures of the uribary system in correct sequence

A 
Calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
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2
Q

The predominant extracellular cation is

A

Sodium

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3
Q

Obese people are as little as 45% water by weight

A

True. More body fat= less body water

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4
Q

Women average slightly less body water because they have less adipose tissue than men

A

False women have more body fat and less skeletal muscle

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5
Q

The predominant intracellular cation is

A

Potassium

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6
Q

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ____ than interstitial fluid

A

Protein

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7
Q

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration

A

ADH

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8
Q

Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

A

ADH

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9
Q

Both potassium and sodium levels in the body are regulated by

A

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Ms Wilson working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

A

Skin

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11
Q

Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution

A

Acids

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12
Q

Which of the following substances bonds to H+ and removes them from solution

A

Buffer system

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13
Q

Chemicals that function to resist changes in the pH of body fluids are called

A

Buffers

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14
Q

Glucose and amino acids are absorbed from the glomerular filtrate by

A

The proximal convoluted tube (pct)

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15
Q

The trigone is a triangle region of

A

The bladder

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16
Q

Delineated by 3 openings 2- ureteral and 1 urethral

A

The bladder

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17
Q

Trace the path of red blood cells from the renal artery to the glomerulus

A

Interlobar
Arcuate artery
Inter lobular
Afferent

(C) 1 3 2 4

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18
Q

Urine formation involves

A

Filtration of plasma
Reabsorption from filtrate
Secretion into filtrate

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19
Q

The urinary bladder

A

Is located posterior to the pubic symphysis

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20
Q

An obstruction in birin’s afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into her

A

Glomerulus

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21
Q

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

A

Osmosis

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22
Q

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

A

Na+

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23
Q

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

A

Kidney

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24
Q

Water output is regulated by ______ hormone

A

Anti-diuretic

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25
Q

The osmotoreceptor- ADH mechanism can reduce a normal urine production of 1500 ml per day to about ____ ml per day when the body is dehydrated

A

500

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26
Q

The greatest amount of water is lost through the ___

A

Urine

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27
Q

Under normal conditions most water loss from the body is through the ____

A

Kidneys

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28
Q

The normal pH for blood plasma is

A

7.40

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29
Q

Which is not an excretory organ system of the body

A

Cardiovascular

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30
Q

Which is not part of the nephron

A

Uterer or collecting ducts

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31
Q

The kidney functions in

A

Excretion of wastes and excess ions

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32
Q

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidneys

A

Urine storage

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33
Q

Each kidney weighs

A

130g

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34
Q

Blood vessels nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

A

Hilium

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35
Q

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone shaped renal pyramids is called the

A

Medulla

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36
Q

The function units of the kidney are calle d

A

Nephrons

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37
Q

The network of capillaries that is located in bowmans capsule is called the

A

Glomerulus

38
Q

The renal corpuscle consists of

A

The glomerulus and bowmans capsule

39
Q

T or F. Each kidney contains about 1-1.3 million nephrons

A

True

40
Q

The visceral layer of Bowmans capsule

A

Is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes

41
Q

The part of the nephron where the blood plasma is filtered is called

A

Renal corpuscle

42
Q

The inner layer of bowmans capsule consists of modified cells called

A

Podocytes

43
Q

Which is not part of the renal tubule

A

Bowmans capsule

44
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of a specialized cells called

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

45
Q

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

A

Distal convoluted tubule

46
Q

The renal corpuscle connects to the

A

Proximal convoluted tube

47
Q

The juxtamedullary nephrons are solely responsible in regulating

A

Osmolarity of blood

48
Q

Major stages the kidney uses to convert blood plasma to urine is/are

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Water conservation

49
Q

Tubular secretion occurs in the

A

Peritubular capillaries

Vasa recta

50
Q

Tubular reabsorption occurs in the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

51
Q

Urine is always hypertonic to the blood plasma

A

True urine can have as much as 4x the osmolarity of blood plasma

52
Q

A great deal of secretion occurs I. The proximal convoluted tubule due to many microvilli

A

False mostly reabsorption

53
Q

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

A

Renal fat pads

54
Q

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

A

Renal pelvis

55
Q

The portion of the kidney that is composed of conical masses of tissue renal pyramids is called the renal ____

A

Medulla

56
Q

The apex of each renal pyramid is called

A

Renal papilla

57
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Can not be made in sufficient quantity by the body

58
Q

Which of the following are energy nutrients

A

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

59
Q

A kilocalorie is a measure of the

A

Energy content of food

60
Q

Comes carbs include

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

61
Q

Carbs are absorbed into the blood stream as

A

Monosaccharides

62
Q

Excess glucose is stored as

A

Glycogen

63
Q

Which of the following organs can store glycogen

A

Liver and muscle

64
Q

A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a

A

Triglyceride

65
Q

Olive and peanut oils are both

A

Mono unsaturated fats

66
Q

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid

A

Linoleic acid

67
Q

An essential amino acid

A

Must be supplied in the duct

68
Q

Proteins that function in immunity include

A

Antibodies

69
Q

Functions in proteins include

A

Providing structural strength in connective tissue

70
Q

Water soluble Vit include

A

Vit C

71
Q

Fat soluble vit can be toxic in large doses because they

A

Can be stored and accumulate in the body tissue

72
Q

Can serve as buffers and components of enzymes

A

Minerals

73
Q

Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule

A

Iron

74
Q

Individual basal metabolic rate, degree of muscle activity and body temp and growth rate are factors that

A

Influence energy needs

75
Q

As a result of hyperventilation

A

The plasma PCO2 levels decrease

76
Q

An increase in loud co2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ___ in blood pH

A

Increase/ decrease

77
Q

Once alkalosis has occurred which of the following would you expect to happen

A

Retention of hydrogen ions by the kidneys

78
Q

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excess number of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result

A

Acidosis

79
Q

A falling blood ph and rising concentration of co2 due to emphysema indicates

A

Respiratory acidosis

80
Q

Resp alkalosis an occur as a result of

A

Hyperventilation

81
Q

How many liters of water does the average body contain

A

40L

82
Q

Auto regulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

A

Construction of the afferent arterioles

83
Q

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephrons is

A

Greatly decrease d

84
Q

Renin is released by

A

The kidneys

85
Q

Which of the following would be expected to cause Hyponatremia

A

Increased ADH production

86
Q

Serum electrolytes concentration are most often expressed in

A

mEq/L

87
Q

Over secretion of aldosterone causes

A

Increased secretion of potassium by the kidneys

88
Q

Nephrons directly regulate acid base balance by

A

Secreting H+ ions Into filtrate

89
Q

The reaction between co2 and h2o is catalyzed by

A

Carbonic anhydrase

90
Q

If te hydrogen ions concentration in the blood increase bicarbonate ions act as buffed by

A

Removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma

91
Q

Which acid bad e imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of an asthma attack

A

Resp acidosis

92
Q

The most important electrolytes in the body fluid are

A 
Na
P
K
Mn
S
Cl
HCO3
H+

Biology 240 (2 decks)

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