Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
The Congress of Vienna
A
- 1815
- Restoration of family
- End of the Enlightenment
- Political repression
- particularly in areas under German and Austrian control
- No civil liberties - New sense of nationalism
- Music represents political ideals
2
Q
Robert Schumann
A
- 1810-1856
- Started as a piano virtuoso, stopped because of injury
- Becomes a music critic to make extra money on top of being a composer
- Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik - a magazine he creates to critique music
- Florestan and Eusebius - two names he writes under
- Florestan - the passionate one, deep thinker
- Eusebius - the dreamer, more melancholy - Married a composer, Clara Schumann
3
Q
Im Wunderschönen Monat Mai
A
In the marvelous month of May,
when all the nuds burst open,
then in my heart
love broke out.
In the Marvelous month of May,
as all the birds sang,
then I confessed to her
my longing and desire.
-Battle between A and F# minor
4
Q
The Character piece
A
- new genre
- very short pieces, maybe as short as a minute
- Written for the home
- New demands for small genres
- Miniature set: short, interconnected pieces
- Small Character pieces - Schumann famous for these
- Carnival
- Eusebius - mimics the deep thought
- Florestan
- Coquette - Flirty
5
Q
Ciphers
A
- Musical code
- in the Carnival pieces
6
Q
Missed Class******
A
?
7
Q
July Monarchy in France
A
- 1831-1848
- Paris as “Capital of the 19th Century”
- “July Revolution”
- Newly built concert halls, new audiences
- Taste for the exotic: operas about far away lands and far away people
8
Q
The 19th Century Virtuoso
A
- Virtuosos in many fields
- Characteristics of musician virtuosos: foreign born, child prodigy
- First “rock stars”
9
Q
Franz Liszt
A
- 1811-1886
- Foreign born (in Hungary to Austrian parents)
- Child prodigy
- Personality: technical whiz, later “mystic”
- Later, concert master in Weimar
- New ways to use the piano
- New scales, modes
10
Q
Un Sospiro
A
Concert etude-a way of showing off extreme skill
-in this case, hand crossing.
11
Q
New Scales
A
- Pentatonic melody (five note scale)
- Octatonic coda (eight note scale)
12
Q
Fryderick Chopin
A
- 1810-1849
- Born near Warsaw, Poland
- Popular in Salons
- Mostly composed piano music
- Nationalism
- Mazurka in Bb
13
Q
The Mazurka
A
- Stylized dance from Mazovia
- Audience appreciates the exotic element
- Mazurka rhythms are very specific
14
Q
Markers of Exoticism
A
- Trills
- Drones
- Augmented seconds
15
Q
Concert life in the 19th century
A
- Rise of the “classics”
- Beethoven reigns supreme - First appearances of the conductor
- the is more room for interpretation in music so conductor was needed - Orchestra has expanded
- New Instruments
- Old instruments can be played in new keys
16
Q
Absolute vs. Program Music
A
- Program (programmatic) music: extramusical context
- Absolute music: no extramusical content, refers only to itself
- Ideological positions, Beethoven’s legacy?
- This refers strictly to instrumental music
- These types of music are not new but before now if didn’t matter, it was all music. The distinction is now recognized and very clear
17
Q
Hector Berlioz
A
- 1803-1869
- Abandoned medicine for music
- Passionate personality
- Critic and conductor
- 1827: sees Harriet Smithson as Ophelia in Hamlet
18
Q
Symphonie Fantastique
A
- Mvt I: Dreams and Passions
- Mvt II: A Ball
- Mvt III: Scene in the Country
- Mvt IV: March to the Scaffold
- Mvt V: Dream of a Witches Sabbath
19
Q
Influence of Beethoven
A
- Beethoven Syphony no. 5: cyclism
- Heroic characteristics in symphonies in C/Cm are direct reference to Beethoven
- Symphony no. 6: programmatic elements, structure
20
Q
Orchestration
A
- Over 100 players
- Ophicleide, bells
- Opening strings (m. 1)
- High clarinet “laughing” (m. 7)
- idee fixe in top of the clarinet’s range (m. 40)
- col legno strings (m. 444)
- Screams of the artist (m. 479)
21
Q
Missed Class
A
===
22
Q
Italian opera in the 19th Century
A
- Italian opera is king
- Literary Subjects
- Bel Canto (Beautiful Voice)
- Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti - Operas that take place in England. Focus on the literary world.
- People go to operas to hear beautiful vocal technique
- Era of the coloratura
23
Q
Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868)
A
- Most Famous composer of the 1810-20s
- Famous for both comic and tragic operas
- Barber of Seville
24
Q
“The Barber of Seville”
A
- Count Almaviva: A young nobleman, in love with Rosina
- Figaro: Barber to Almaviva
- Rosina: A young woman, in love with Count Almaviva
25
Q
New Structures
A
Aria - Scena, Cantabile, Tempo di Mezzo, Cabaletta
Cantabile Cabaletta Scena - récit Cantabile - slow tempo Tempo di Mezzo - medium tempo, modulates, may have chorus Cabaletta - quick tempo
26
Q
Fun Facts
A
- Rossini often self-plagiarized
- Lazy?
- Constraints of the business (no copyright, had to work quickly) - Known for being very prolific and a smart business man
- Lived the end of his life off his royalties not writing
27
Q
Guiseppe Verdi (1813-1901)
A
- Involvement in the Risorgimento
- Viva Verdi! = Viva Vittorio Emanuele Rei D’Italia
- Italian unification
- Music became really political
- Verdi Requiem
- His name, Viva Verdi, became a rallying call for Italian unification
28
Q
Verdi as Dramatist
A
- Focus on character rather than voice
- Same structures as the Bel Canto
- Interested in story telling and keeping the plot going
29
Q
Four Opera Houses
A
- Opera National de Paris - Grand opera
- Opera Comique - defined against the French grand opera tradition
- Theatre-Italien
- Theatre Lyrique - mix of opera styles
30
Q
Grand Opera
A
- Historical Subjects
- 5 Acts, with a Ballet
- Main reason for attending these operas was the spectacle
- Opera no longer bound to aristocracy. There to entertain the larger/growing middle class. Plots reflect this.
-Opera in Italian everywhere but France. French opera never took off outside of France
31
Q
Les Huguenots
A
- Giacomo Meyerbeer (Jewish) - most popular composer in France during this era. Was Wagner’s mentor.
- St. Bartholomew’s day massacre
- Protestants (Huguenots) vs. Catholics
- Raoul Valentine - “Ein feste Burg”
